Patricia Cruz Marín

Yale University

Author Statistics

Papers

Citation

H-Index

i-10 index

Research Trends

Author Order

Document Type

Co-Authors

Rolando Chamy

Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso

L. Guerrero

Federico Santa María Technical University

Thalía Viveros Uehara

Tilburg University

María Cristina Schiappacasse

Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso

Lavinia Francesconi

Aix-Marseille Université

David Alkalay

Israel Institute for Biological Research

Andrés Donoso‐Bravo

Federico Santa María Technical University

ÁF

Ángel Faz

Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena

Lexter Natividad

Central Luzon State University

Raquel Arnaldos

Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena

Cooperative Institutions

Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso

Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

Federico Santa María Technical University

Valparaiso University

Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México

University of Almería

Inria Chile

Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena

EIA University

Universidad de Granada

Author Statistics

Papers

Citation

H-Index

i-10 index

Research Field

Design and Startup of an Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Reactor

Water Science & Technology (1999)

Patricia Cruz Marín David Alkalay L. Guerrero Rolando Chamy María Cristina Schiappacasse

A 10 1 anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR) was designed and constructed, using beach sand as the solid support for the biomass. Considering the complexity of this type of system, previously to the startup, several experiences were performed in a series of minireactors, such as: determination of the bed expansion and the feed distribution. The startup was made increasing gradually the organic load rate (OLR), using the alkalinity ratio (α) and the removal of the organic load, as mg/l of COD, as leading parameters. The system attained a COD removal of over 85%, for an OLR of 3.4 [kg COD/m3·d]. The best removal of 92% was obtained at an OLR of 1.04 [kg COD/m3·d], with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 12 hours. The best gas production of 1.8 [m3 of biogas/m3·d], equivalent to a production of 0.16 [m3/kg CODremoved], was obtained at an (HRT) of 4.8 hours. The best startup results were obtained using Ethanol as the Carbon source.

Alkalinity

Hydraulic retention time

Biogas

Biogas Production

10.2166/wst.1999.0387

Cite

Citations (14)

Compliance data for judgments of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights

Harvard Dataverse (2019)

Patricia Cruz Marín

The dataset registers compliance levels of the remedies ordered in the judgments of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights until April 2019. The calculation of the compliance level is a value between cero and one that could also be read as a percent of compliance. The calculations was elaborated using the compliance judgments of the IACtHR.

10.7910/dvn/wyn5py

Cite

Citations (0)

Compliance data for judgments of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights Articles of CADH declared violated (april 2019).xlsx

Harvard Dataverse (2019)

Patricia Cruz Marín

The dataset registers which articles have been violated in each one of the cases judged by the IACtHR until april 2019. Cell = 1 mean the article was declared violated, cells =0 means article was not violated.

10.7910/dvn/wyn5py/wchlws

Cite

Citations (0)

More than Lack of Capacity: Active Impunity in Mexico

Journal of Human Rights Practice (2023)

Alejandro Anaya Múñoz Patricia Cruz Marín James L. Cavallaro

Abstract Mexico faces a severe crisis of violations of physical integrity rights. In the past fifteen years, hundreds of thousands of people have been killed, over one hundred thousand have disappeared, and torture continues to be widespread. Observers emphasize the role of impunity as a critical causal factor. Negligence and lack of capacity have been considered as causes of impunity. This article elaborates the role of ‘active impunity’, understood as the deliberate efforts by investigative authorities to undermine criminal investigations on cases of human rights violations. Observing 12 cases of violations of physical integrity rights in Mexico, occurring between 2008 and 2021 in seven states of the country, the article shows that active impunity takes place and identifies some of the mechanism through which it is produced.

Impunity

Torture

10.1093/jhuman/huad034

Cite

Citations (0)

Compliance of Judgments of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights

SSRN Electronic Journal (2020)

Patricia Cruz Marín

Compliance is particularly challenging in International Law and extremely puzzling in International Human Rights. Although a large amount of research has endeavored to explain the process of incorporation, execution, and compliance of certain paradigmatic judgments of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR), only a few quantitative and multidisciplinary approaches to compliance have been developed. This paper contributes to this effort by describing and explaining the current state of compliance of the judgments of the IACtHR. The first section provides a general overview of the literature related to compliance with the judgments of the IACtHR, including theories such as realism, liberalism, institutionalism, and constructivism. The second section introduces the Inter-American System of Human Rights, the different and particular remedies that have been developed by the Court throughout its case-law, and a set of descriptive data about the work in the IACtHR. Finally, the third section develops a quantitative model for testing the compliance of judgments of the IACtHR according to the different International Relations theories.

10.2139/ssrn.3647326

Cite

Citations (0)

Cartografía de la producción académica sobre cumplimiento, implementación e impacto del Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos: una revisión sistemática en once países (Mapping of Scholarship on Compliance, Implementation, and Impact of the Inter-American Human Rights System: A Systematic Review in Eleven Countries)

SSRN Electronic Journal (2024)

Patricia Cruz Marín Thalía Viveros Uehara Lavinia Francesconi E Pérez Amor

Spanish Abstract:El interés académico hacia la efectividad y el alcance del Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos (SIDH) se ha manifestado en el análisis del grado en que sus estándares son cumplidos e implementados, así como, más recientemente, del impacto que estos tienen sobre las diversas realidades sociales de la región. A pesar de la importancia de la investigación académica para profundizar la comprensión de las contribuciones de la Corte (Corte IDH) y de la Comisión Interamericanas de Derechos Humanos (CIDH), se ha identificado un déficit de introspección en dicha investigación. Este artículo busca cerrar esta brecha. A través de un enfoque sistemático y regional, empleando una metodología mixta y aprovechando la sinergia generada por un equipo de investigación transnacional, este estudio examina trece variables relativas a la naturaleza, distribución geográfica, temporalidad y dinámicas en 923 investigaciones académicas sobre el cumplimiento, implementación e impacto del SIDH en once países de América Latina. De esta manera, se establece una base descriptiva, pionera en su tipo, que muestra, a nivel regional, la relación entre la producción académica y las coyunturas políticas de cada país, la predominancia de artículos y tesis como los principales formatos de publicación, el enfoque creciente en el concepto de "impacto" y la escasez en la aplicación de enfoques metodológicos cuantitativos. Además, devela que las investigaciones se centran más en la Corte IDH que en la CIDH, en los Estados más que en el papel de las organizaciones de la sociedad civil, y señala una significativa participación de mujeres en la generación de estudios y de instituciones privadas en su publicación. Los hallazgos subrayan el papel esencial de la academia dentro de las comunidades de práctica de derechos humanos, desempeñando un rol dual tanto de amplificación y como de evidencia del impacto transformador del SIDH. Asimismo, abren nuevas direcciones para el desarrollo de agendas y enfoques investigativos frente a los urgentes desafíos que confronta la región.English Abstract:The academic interest in the effectiveness and scope of the Inter-American Human Rights System (IAHRS) has manifested through the analysis of the extent to which its standards are complied with and implemented, as well as, more recently, the impact these have on the diverse social realities of the region. Despite the significance of academic research in deepening the understanding of the contributions of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR) and the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR), a deficit of introspection in such scholarship has been identified. This article seeks to bridge this gap. Through a systematic and regional approach, employing a mixed methodology and leveraging the synergy generated by a transnational research team, this study examines thirteen variables related to the nature, geographical distribution, temporality, and dynamics across 923 academic works on the compliance, implementation, and impact of the IAHRS in eleven Latin American countries. Thus, it establishes a descriptive foundation, pioneering in its nature, whose data unveils, at a regional level, the relationship between academic production and the political junctures of each country, the predominance of articles and theses as the main publication formats, the increasing focus on the concept of "impact", and the scarcity in the application of quantitative methodological approaches. Furthermore, it reveals that research focuses more on the IACtHR than on the IACHR, on States rather than on the role of civil society organizations and indicates a significant participation of women in the generation of studies and of private institutions in their publication. The findings underscore the essential role of academia within the human rights communities of practice, playing a dual role both in the amplification and as evidence of the IAHRS's transformative impact. Additionally, they open new directions for the development of research agendas and approaches in response to the urgent challenges facing the region.

10.2139/ssrn.4757905

Cite

Citations (0)

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL IN THE PHILIPPINES: AN ADVANTAGE OR DISADVANTAGE TO STUDENTS' FUTURE OPPORTUNITIES

Patricia Cruz Marín Lexter Natividad

Disadvantage

10.2139/ssrn.5085709

Cite

Citations (0)

Cartografía de la producción académica sobre cumplimiento e impacto del SIDH

Harvard Dataverse (2023)

Patricia Cruz Marín Maria Gabriela Valenzuela Thalía Viveros Uehara Lavinia Francesconi

The dataset includes 923 academic products on the topic of compliance and impact of the Inter-American System of Human Rights covering academic products until December 2022 in eleven countries in Latin America. The dataset includes detailed information on the content, methodology, and authorship of each academic product.

10.7910/dvn/mumooe

Cite

Citations (0)

Design and startup of an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor

Water Science & Technology (1999)

Patricia Cruz Marín David Alkalay L. Guerrero Rolando Chamy María Cristina Schiappacasse

Reactor design

10.1016/s0273-1223(99)00610-1

Cite

Citations (35)

Study Of Some Quality Parameters For Different Types Of Soil In SE Spain, In Relation To Their Management As A Basis For Land Planning

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment (1970)