Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health problem with 25% of the world’s population infected from the causative agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB). Indian ranks first amongst the eight countries reported to have highest burden of MTB across the globe. TB is categorized into pulmonary and extrapulmonary(EPTB); the most common clinical manifestation of EPTB being tuberculous lymphadenitis(LNTB). LNTB generally occurs due to reactivation of latent infection and cervical lymph nodes are the most common sites.
Objective: The present research work was conducted to explore disease spectrum of LNTB highlighting specific histopathologic features.
Materials and Methods: Twenty-one patients with clinically diagnosed LNTB were included and one lymph node biopsy was obtained from each patient. The formalin-fixed paraffin tissue sections were subjected to standard hematoxylin & eosin staining (H & E stain) to understand different histologic features of LNTB.
Results: LNTB displayed a disease spectrum which can be categorized into four broad categories as: 1. Early granulomas(n=2); 2. Non-caseating granulomas(n=12); 3. Caseating granulomas(n=6); 4. Massive extensive caseation without Langhan’s giant cells(n=1). The well-formed, non-necrotic, epithelioid cell granulomas were prominent feature of LNTB in our study.
Conclusion: The above study supports the existence of a disease spectrum of LNTB with histologic features ranging from early granulomas to massive caseation necrosis. This can aid clinicians for better diagnosis of LNTB so to aid for early detection and an appropriate treatment of the disease.
Yield and yield components are the most important quantitative traits, which are correlated with each other and with other morphological and physiological quantitative traits. These correlated quantitative traits are important to develop high-yielding varieties of various crops to combat the needs of increasing population. In this regard, this paper work utilised data mining approaches such as classification rule, association rule and frequent pattern mining to extract patterns/rules from quantitative trait locus database to find yield components and associated quantitative traits of 10 economically important crops. This study provides a simple, fast and exhaustive approach for finding yield components and associated quantitative traits, in comparison to traditional approaches.
Abstract Background Black pepper (Piper nigrum, 2n = 52) has been traditionally used for the treatment of various diseases owing to its therapeutic properties, namely, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-cancerous properties since time immemorial. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) aka ‘nature's antibiotics’ or ‘host defense peptides’ produced by most living organisms as an innate immune response against microbes and have gained popularity due to rising multidrug resistance of microorganisms, new microbial infections, and a great dearth of novel antibiotics in recent years. A Numerous studies are reported on AMPs’ defense mechanism and its different modes of action in animals, showing its immunomodulatory properties and potentiality in combating against multi-drug resistant microbes. But in plants, especially spice crops, like black pepper, that has huge therapeutic properties and potential to improve immunity to combat against microbial infections needed to be further explored. Result This study provides a species-specific AMP candidate prediction server BPepAMPred (http://login1.cabgrid.res.in:5040/) based on 10 fold cross validated bidirectional- gated recurrent unit based deep neural network architecture with 99.34% accuracy, 98.68% sensitivity, 98.67% specificity. This server also linked with BPepAMPdb (http://backlin.cabgrid.res.in/blackpepper_amp_db/) which catalogs predicted 43759 AMP candidates across black pepper proteome along with 10935 functionally associated unique genes, chromosome number, genomic location, associated gene ids and functional properties. Conclusion The exhaustive molecular information of black pepper crop at one place in the user-friendly way to access would be beneficial for the breeders for black pepper improvement program. It could be utilized by molecular biologists for wet-lab preparation and validation of AMPs which could further be used in the development of novel therapeutic molecule and help to enhance the microbial resistance in black pepper and other crops.
Abstract Wheat cultivars are genetically crossed for improving end use quality for apt traits as per need of baking industry and broad consumer’s preferences. The processing and baking qualities of bread wheat underlie into genetic make-up of a variety and influence by environmental factors and their interactions. WL711 and C306 derived recombinant inbred lines (RILs) population of 206 was used for phenotyping of quality related traits in three different environmental conditions. The genetic analysis of quality traits showed considerable variation for measurable quality traits with normal distribution and transgressive segregation across the years. From the 206 RIL, few RILs found to be superior to those of the parental cultivars for key quality traitsindicating their potential usefor improvement of end use quality and also suggestingprobability of finding new alleles and allelic combinations from the RIL population. A genetic linkage map including 346 markers was constructed withtotal map distance of 4526.8cM andinterval distance between adjacent markersof 12.9cM. Mapping analysis identified 38 putative QTLs for 13 quality related traits with QTLs explaining 7.9% - 16.8% phenotypic variation spanning over 14 chromosomes i.e. 1A, 1B, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 4A, 4B, 4D, 5D, 6A, 7A and 7B. Major novel QTLs regions for quality traits have been identified on several chromosome in studied RIL population posing their potential role in marker assisted selection for better bread making quality after validation.
Experimental results are presented which verify a nonlinear skin effect of high-power microwaves incident on a collisionless, uniform plasma having a sharp boundary. The skin depth, observed by microwave reflection techniques, increases with the incident microwave power.
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