New investigations of freshwater habitats in mountainous regions and caves revealed six new species of the Rissooidea in Bulgaria. The new species are described here and photos of the holotypes are provided. In addition we added photos of the type localities. An identification key of the genera of the Rissooidea of Bulgaria gives an overview of the diversity of this group. The following species are described as new: Strandzhia bythinellopenia sp. n., gen. n., Grossuana slavyanica n. sp., G. derventica n. sp., Radomaniola strandzhica n. sp., Bythiospeum devetakium n. sp., Bythinella rilaensis n. sp.
The second known species of the genus Microstygia Georgiev et Glöer, 2015 was described, Microstygia lakatnika n. sp. It was found as empty shells in the deposits of the temporary stream of the Temnata Dupka Cave, Iskar River Gorge, Stara Planina Mts in Bulgaria. M. lakatnika n. sp. is a little bit larger and has one more whorl than the type species of the genus, M. deltchevi Georgiev et Glöer, 2015.
Otter mortalities (n = 50) from Southern Bulgaria were analyzed. Among the mortality types, poaching was the most common cause of death recorded in this study (52% of all mortalities recorded), followed by road kill (10%) and drowning (8%). Killing of otters by dogs had the lowest impact (6%). Most of the otter mortalities (40%) came from areas with fish-farming activities - micro-dams and fishponds. In the second place were the regions of the large dams with 18% of all otter mortalities. The other locations provided lesser numbers of otter deaths.
Hunters appear to be the connection between law and wildlife. The aim of the study was to reveal how hunters approach their duties and responsibilities concerning protection of mammals and birds. Questionary survey was carried out on 124 hunters, members of “Hunters and anglers societies” in the towns of Varna, Stara Zagora and Plovdiv. Our survey concern: buzzard (Buteo buteo), longlegged buzzard (B. rufinus), rough-legged buzzard (B. lagopus), goshawk (Accipiter gentilis), eagles (Aquila spp), Hrriers (Circus spp.), Falcons (Falco spp.), geese - Anser erythropus, A. faballis, A. anser, Branta ruficollis, cormorants - Phalacrocorax carbo and Halietor pygmeus, great white egret (Egretta alba), little egret (E. garzetta), purple heron (Ardea purpurea), grey heron (A. cinenea), otter (Lutra lutra), weasel (Mustela nivalis), badger (Meles meles), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). Mainly otter, badger, herons and cormorants are the objects of illegal hunt. The following reasons for breaking the law were found: incorrect idea of a species place in the ecosystem; misunderstanding of the animal behavior reactions and believing in prejudices, and beliefs about some of the species; emotions outweigh the law and sometimes feeling of impunity. Great number protected mammals and birds as well as some others, which are under special hunting restrictions are objects of poaching.
The aim of this study was to assess the status of aquatic invasive alien species (IAS) in the shoreline zone of the Bulgarian sector of the Danube River, Danube tributaries, and adjacent standing water bodies in the frame of the Joint Danube Survey 4 (JDS4). Seven benthic macroinvertebrates and seven fish IAS were identified. The crayfish Faxonius limosus was frequently found and abundant in the tributaries. The mussels Corbicula fluminea, Dreissena rostriformis bugensis, and Sinanodonta woodiana dominated in the Danube River and the middle and lower reaches of the tributaries, while the fish Carassius gibelio, Perccottus glenii, and Lepomis gibbosus were most abundant in the standing water bodies. The integrated biocontamination estimated by taxonomic groups (crayfish, molluscs, and fish), sampling methods, and type of water bodies ranged from moderate in the shoreline zone of the Danube River, through moderate to high in the canals and lakes, to severe in the Danube tributaries and the reservoirs. The results demonstrate the importance of IAS in the assessment of the ecological status/potential of the water bodies in the DRB. The comprehensive evaluation of the aquatic IAS pressure will provide valuable information and support for the implementation of the national and EU IAS and water policies in the DRB.