This article reports a novel surgical technique of partial-thickness compression sutures without descemetopexy with air or gas for the management of acute hydrops in keratoconus. Two patients presented with localized corneal edema with a Descemet membrane (DM) tear in the left eye. Tomography of the right eye revealed localized steepening with increased maximum keratometry and decreased central pachymetry. They were diagnosed with keratoconus in the right eye and acute corneal hydrops (ACH) in the left eye. Compression sutures were passed through the stroma without touching the DM. The anterior chamber was not entered at all at any point during the surgery. Resolution of edema was noted intraoperatively itself. Further resolution of edema was noted from the first postoperative day which markedly reduced within the first week. A corneal scar with no edema was seen at six weeks. In both the patients, vision at presentation was counting fingers close to face which improved to 20/60 and 20/50, respectively, at the last visit.
To study the in vivo pattern of ocular surface epithelialization after simple limbal epithelial transplantation (SLET).A retrospective interventional case series was performed at a cornea and anterior segment services of a referral tertiary care center between June 2012 and March 2015. Patients with unilateral limbal stem cell deficiency who underwent SLET and whose medical records had serial and detailed photographic documentation of ocular surface healing were reviewed. The outcome measures consisted of the pattern of ocular surface epithelialization, time taken for complete ocular surface epithelialization, and assessment of the possible variations in the explants' characteristics in vivo.Five patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Mean age was 30.8 years, the male:female ratio was 4:1. Mean follow-up after the SLET period was 10.8 months. A 2-line improvement in visual acuity was seen in 3 of 5 patients. The mean number of explants was 11.4 (range, 5-19). The first clinical evidence of proliferation of the corneal epithelium from the limbal explants was seen on the second day in all patients, and ocular surface epithelialization was complete in all cases within 14 days. The explants disappeared within 1 to 2 months in all but 1 case (24 weeks). Variations were seen in explant activity with the size and age of the explants.The in vivo pattern of ocular surface epithelialization after SLET appears to be similar to in vitro epithelialization observed after CLET. The observations in this study provide a lead for performing further laboratory and clinical research in SLET.
Abstract Exploratory research, also known as qualitative research , typically involves techniques such as focus groups, in‐depth interviews, ethnography, and metaphor elicitation. Rather than being a substitute for quantitative research, exploratory research when conducted properly can be a useful and necessary complement that allows the researcher to fully understand the needs, motivations, judgments, perceptions, and intentions that customers bring to the table. By following the guidelines described here, marketing researchers can ensure that they maximize the upside potential of their research project while minimizing the downside.
PURPOSE: To report the outcomes of Bowman-Stromal Inlay (BSI) and corneal cross-linking (CXL) performed in the right and left eyes, respectively, of a pediatric patient with bilateral progressive ectasia. METHODS: A 10-year-old boy underwent CXL in his left eye for stage 2 keratoconus and BSI in his right eye for stage 4 keratoconus. Serial refractive and tomographic outcomes were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: There was no progression of ectasia in either eye through the final follow-up visit at 28 months postoperatively. Compared to the left eye that underwent CXL, the right eye that underwent BSI showed a reduction in tomographic keratometry, astigmatism, superior-inferior asymmetry, and increased pachymetry. There was no perioperative complication in either eye. CONCLUSIONS: CXL and BSI achieved similar outcomes over the course of 2 years in arresting the progression of ectasia. BSI may have the additional benefit of increased postoperative pachymetry. [ Journal of Refractive Surgery Case Reports . 2021;1(3):e40–e44.]
Qualitative research typically involves techniques such as focus groups, in-depth interviews (IDIs), ethnography, and metaphor elicitation. Rather than being a substitute for quantitative research, qualitative research - when conducted properly - can be a useful and necessary complement that allows the researcher to fully understand the needs, motivations, judgments, perceptions, and intentions that customers bring to the table. By following the guidelines described here, marketing researchers can ensure that they maximize the upside potential of their research project while minimizing the downside.
To evaluate the relationship between tear meniscus height (TMH) values measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and the severity of epiphora (Munk scoring).In this prospective cross-sectional study, consecutive patients with epiphora were studied. All patients underwent Munk epiphora scoring, lacrimal syringing, and detailed ophthalmological examination. Using OCT, the TMH (i.e., the line intersecting level of tear meniscus and lower eyelid) values were calculated. The relationship between TMH and epiphora was analyzed by comparing TMH values across various grades of epiphora using Kruskal-Wallis test.A total of 38 patients (56 eyes) were included. The mean age was 55 ± 11.1 years with equal distribution of males and females. The mean TMH values were 238 ± 141.3, 396.6 ± 159.5, 707.1 ± 288.8, and 809.5 ± 419.4 μm in grades 1, 2, 3, and 4 of epiphora, respectively. A significant difference in TMH was found among grades 2, 3, and 4 (P = 0.0007). On post hoc analysis, only grade 2 was significantly different from grades 3 and 4 (P = 0.0008 and P = 0.002 respectively), but grades 3 and 4 were comparable (P = 0.62).Levels of TMH were found to increase with increasing severity of epiphora. TMH values were comparable in Munk grades 3 and 4.
As firms are becoming more concerned with bottom-line metrics like ROI, marketing research is seen as ineffectual in enhancing them. This article argues that marketing research departments can establish their place in the strategic decision making process. This can be accomplished by ensuring that marketing research studies are concretely linked to strategic outcomes like sales, profitability, actual repurchase behavior, and share of wallet — rather than just traditional marketing research variables, such as attitudes and intentions.
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