Previous research assumes an unconditionally positive association of perceived switching costs — financial, procedural and relational — with repurchase intentions. The authors theorize that price sensitivity differentially moderates the relationship of repurchase intentions with three different types of switching costs — financial, procedural and relational. Using a large-scale dataset (N=8,588) spanning multiple industries in the business-to-business domain, the authors show that price sensitivity moderates these associations such that: (1) the association of financial switching costs and procedural switching costs with repurchase intention is stronger when price sensitivity is low and (2) the association of relational switching costs with repurchase intentions is stronger when price sensitivity is high.
The authors examine how gender identity and local–global identity—two important consumer identities and segmentation bases—affect consumer price sensitivity. These identities may be associated with similar behavioral norms such that a female identity and a local identity are associated with the norms of small groups and intimate relationships, whereas a male identity and a global identity are associated with the norms of large groups and broad relationships. Thus, a female identity and a global (vs. local) identity, as is the case with a male identity and a local (vs. global) identity, results in identity incongruence (vs. congruence). The authors argue that identity incongruence depletes cognitive resources and induces affective processing, which in turn activates a sacrifice mindset and results in lower price sensitivity. Five studies with different research designs, divergent measures of key constructs, and diverse samples support the theories and identify boundary conditions of the focal relationship. The findings expand the literature on multiple consumer identities and price sensitivity and provide useful guidelines for global companies’ pricing strategies.
Over the past few years Kalman filter has gained attraction and significant position among the researchers, as this filtering technique can be applied to variety of applications. One of its applications that is presented in this paper is GPS based position estimation. Kalman filter is utilized for better position estimates over those provided by direct GPS measurements. GPS used for position estimates are prone to errors due to various sources. These errors accumulate and provide erroneous results. One of the ways to get accurate position estimate is to include more sensors like inertial measurement unit or some other devices, but all this would not be cost effective. Thus, by integrating Kalman filter as post processing filter, the error can be reduced.
This article investigates how people’s political identity is associated with their financial risk taking. The authors argue that conservatives’ financial risk taking increases as their self-efficacy increases because of their greater social dominance orientation, whereas liberals’ financial risk taking is invariant to their self-efficacy. This central hypothesis is verified in six studies using different measures of political identity, self-efficacy, and financial risk taking. The studies also use different samples of U.S. consumers, including online panels, a large-scale data set spanning five election cycles, and a secondary data set of political donations made by managers at companies. Finally, the authors articulate and demonstrate the mediating effect of individuals’ focus on the upside potential of a decision among conservatives but not liberals.
To report a novel modified technique for severe recurrent cicatricial entropion correction based on anterior lamellar recession (ALR) and grafting.Six eyelids of five patients (9-48 years; three females) with severe cicatricial entropion (three upper and three lower eyelids) had surgical correction using ALR and labial mucosal grafting for spacing the ciliary margin away from the lid margin and reconstruction of the lid margin and posterior lamella. The modified technique included using mucous membrane as a single unit for anterior lamella, lid margin, and posterior lamella reconstruction employing a different suturing technique.The indications for surgery included Stevens-Johnson syndrome (3), chemical injury (2), and post-surgical scarring in congenital distichiasis with lymphedema (1). Entropion resolved in all patients with restoration of eyelid margin and reduction in ocular discomfort. Trichiasis was present in all six eyelids (100%) preoperatively and resolved completely in all but one case (83% success rate) with three residual focal trichiatic lashes in the temporal area, which was successfully managed with radiofrequency ablation. There were no recurrences of trichiatic or distichiatic lashes at a median follow-up duration of 16 months (range, 12-18 months).Successful resolution of the recurrent cicatricial entropion can be achieved with the use of labial mucosa as one solution for spacing the anterior lamella and reconstruction of the lid margin and posterior lamella with minimal recurrence rate.
Many forms of wireless connectivity such as Wi-Fi, cellular data, Zig bee, etc. exist in the fastest growing domain of wireless technology. However, one of the most important and popularly used wireless protocols is Bluetooth, which was originally designed for the solution of the wired mode of data transfer (RS232, UART). Indoor localization technology based on the latest avatar of Bluetooth protocols viz Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is used to address the inadequacies of global positioning systems in indoors such as buildings, offices, houses, etc. since people use to spend the majority of their time there. The use of BLE becomes significant as it is a power-efficient and low-cost technique. It provides 40 channels of 2MHz Bandwidth each with 3 advertising channels and 37 channels for data transfer. In this paper, a parameter based on the received signal power viz. The RSSI value is proposed to be used for efficient indoor localization applications using BLE technology. The problem of non-static values of RSSI due to its dependence on the surrounding environment is proposed to be overcome in this paper by stabilizing the received power using mean and median filters. The localization accuracy is enhanced through static values of RSSI obtained using both these filters.
In the present era, efficient analysis of electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is still a challenge due to large variations in its morphology. Therefore, it requires the proper utilization of digital signal processing (DSP) techniques to analyze raw ECG signals. Presently, cardiologists need the active involvement of computers equipped with efficient DSP techniques 2like pre-processing, feature extraction, and classification. In this chapter, pre-processing is performed using wavelet transform (WT) due to its better time-frequency resolution. Adaptive autoregressive modeling (AARM) is used for extracting features as its parameters are allowed to vary in time. And support vector machine (SVM) technique is considered for classification due to its high modeling stability even for non-linear data. The performance of the proposed technique is evaluated on the basis of parameters such as sensitivity (Se), positive predictivity (Pp), accuracy (Acc), and detection rate (Dr). The proposed technique has secured Se of 99.95%, Pp of 99.95%, Acc of 99.93%, and Dr of 99.95%. The authors expect that the proposed technique may be successful in classifying all major types of arrhythmias that were not classified by the existing methodologies single-handedly.
We examine the interplay between incidental affect and task-related affect in the context of consumer choice. Specifically, we examine the differential impact of two discrete negative affective states — anger and sadness — vis-a`-vis a neutral affective state. We replicate Luce’s (1998) finding that people are more likely to rely on a status quo option when they have to make emotionally difficult trade-offs. However, incidental affect moderates this effect such that angry individuals are more influenced by task-related affect, while sadness is less influenced by it. These findings support our thesis that consumers experiencing different negative emotions display differential reliance on avoidance choice strategies such as choosing the status quo.
Isolated enophthalmos is a rarely observed entity in neurofibromatosis (NF). A 12-year-old male presented with right lower eyelid fat prolapse and enophthalmos for the past 7 years. There was no history of antecedent trauma/surgery. Computed tomography of orbit revealed an ill-defined intraconal hyperdense lesion located between lateral and inferior rectus along with an enlarged inferior orbital fissure (IOF). Superior orbital fissure was minimally widened without prolapse of any intracranial contents. Excision biopsy along with repair of widened IOF was performed through inferior transconjunctival route. Histopathology was suggestive of plexiform neurofibroma with positivity for S-100 and epithelial membrane antigen. No associated cutaneous lesions were present. Nonpulsatile enophthalmos with eyelid fat prolapse can be a presenting sign of NF.
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