AbstractBackgroundBreakthrough cancer pain (BTcP) has a negative impact on patients’ quality of life, general activities, and is related to worse clinical outcomes. Fentanyl inhalant is a hand-held combination drug-device delivery system providing rapid, multi-dose (25μg/dose) administration of fentanyl via inhalation of a thermally generated aerosol. This multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, multiple-crossover, double-blind study evaluated the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of fentanyl inhalant in treating BTcP in opioid-tolerant patients. Methods Each patient was treated and observed for 6 episodes of BTcP (4 with fentanyl inhalant, 2 with placebo). During each episode of targeted BTcP, patients were allowed up to six inhalations. Primary outcome was the time-weighted sum of PID (pain intensity difference) scores at 30 minutes (SPID30). Results A total of 335 BTcP episodes in 59 patients were treated. The mean SPID30 was -97.4 ± 48.43 for fentanyl inhalant-treated episodes, and -64.6 ± 40.25 for placebo-treated episodes (p<0.001). Significant differences in PID for episodes treated with fentanyl inhalant versus placebo was seen as early as 4 minutes and maintained for up to 60 minutes. The percentage of episodes reported PI (pain intensity) scores ≤ 3, a ≥ 33% or ≥ 50% reduction in PI scores at 30 minutes, PR30 (pain relief scores at 30 minutes) and SPID60 favored fentanyl inhalant over placebo. Only 4.4% of BTcP episodes required rescue medication in fentanyl inhalant group. Most AEs were of mild or moderate severity and typical of opioid drugs. Conclusion Fentanyl inhalant was efficacious, safe, and well tolerated in the management of BTcP. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05531422
The strategy of sustainable development is not only a long-term plan for the survival and development of the Chinese nation, but also an inevitable requirement for the coordinated economic and social development of all countries in the world. With the rapid development of new-generation information technology, the Internet may play an even more important role in the implementation of sustainable development strategies. Using China’s interprovincial panel data from 2011 to 2020, this paper examines the impact of internet development on green total factor productivity (GTFP) and its mechanism of action using a two-way fixed-effects panel model, a mediation effects model and a threshold effects model. The results show that, firstly, internet development can significantly promote the increase in GTFP, and this conclusion still holds after several robustness tests; secondly, internet development can indirectly promote GTFP through optimizing industrial structure, human capital structure and improving technological innovation; thirdly, based on a single threshold effect of advanced industrial structure, advanced human capital and internet development, the impact of the Internet on GTFP is found to be nonlinear. Finally, our study provides policy recommendations for the promotion of green total factor productivity in China.
This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Wang, Jian, Qi, Shuo, Dai, Ke-Yuan, Lyu, Zhi-Tong, Zeng, Zhao-Chi, Chen, Hong-Hui, Li, Yuan-Qiu, Zhao, Yong-You, Wang, Yun-Ze, Wang, Ying-Yong (2022): A new Leptobrachella species (Anura, Megophryidae) from South China, with comments on the taxonomic status of L. chishuiensis and L. purpurus. Zoosystematics and Evolution 98 (1): 165-180, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.73162, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.73162
The supplementary data and statistics, including the information of genome sequencing and assembly (Table S1–S9), genome annotation (Table S10–S17), evolutionary analyses (Table S18–S24), and cave adaption analysis (Table S25–S28). (XLSX 134 kb)
In this work, a new species of the genus Tylototriton is described from Guangdong, southern China. Tylototriton sini sp. nov. was recorded as T. asperrimus for decades, and was indicated to represent an independent lineage based on recent molecular phylogenetic analyses. After detailed molecular analysis and morphological comparisons, Tylototriton sini sp. nov. is recognized as a distinct species which can be clearly distinguished from all known congeners by a combination of morphological characteristics and the significant divergence in the mitochondrial gene. Because the genus Tylototriton is of high conservation concern and all formally described members are protected by law, we also provide first data on the conservation status and recommendations for IUCN categorization for Tylototriton sini sp. nov. A suggestion on the species groups division of the genus Tylototriton is also provided based on their morphological differences and phylogenetic relationships.
Ever since the Blacks were sold to America,they have been always on the margin of the mainstream culture.With the pressure from alien culture and their lingering traditional culture,the Blacks face the puzzlement of ethnicity identification.How to maintain self-identity in the white mainstream culture has become one of the main themes of Black's literature.Zora Neale Hurston,a black female writer of the novel Their Eyes Were Watching God,made an intelligent attempt to ponder about the issue of ethnicity identification through unique caring viewpoint and writing strategy to express farsightedly the prospect of the mutual growth and harmonious coexistence of different ethnicities.
Five wild type isolates of Phytophthora cactorum, a homothallic species, were induced to varyfrom homothallism to heterothallism by treatment with fungicide ethazol, and heterothallic variants were obtained.To convert the tested isolates to heterothallic ones, the effective concentration was 10-40ug / ml and the bestresults were got by treastment at 20ug / ml for 4~ 8 weeks. About 40% heterothallic variants could maintainvariation after being stored at 12℃ Under dark condition for 2 months, the ratio fell correspondingly as thestorage period prolonged, and only 2 variants were still heterothallic after storage for 7 months. All 5 matingtypes of the Phytophthora including A1.A2,A1,A2,A1A2,A0 were observed in zoospore progenies from heterothallicvarants. All of the mating types continuously separated in successive zoospore generations: single zoosporeisolates derived from A1 were of A1,A2,A1,A2,A0; fromA2 were of A1,A2,A1,A2,A1A2,A0;from A1,A2 were ofA2.A1,A2,A1A2; from A0 were of A1,A2,A1A2,A0; and from some A1A2isolates reverted from heterothallicvariants were of A2,A1,A2,A1A2. Conversion of homothallism to heterothallism and resulting in different matingtypes is suggested as a possible evolutionary origin of sexes in Phytophthora. The possible mechanism of matingtype change in Phytophthora under natural and experimental conditions was genetically explained here.
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