Abstract Severe brown leaf spot disease was observed on Paris polyphylla var. chinensis in Sichuan Province, China, in 2017 and 2018. The initial symptoms were many light‐brown small spots with necrotic centres, round or irregular in shape, becoming dark brown, gradually enlarging and eventually coalescing, causing extensive leaf senescence. A fungus was isolated from diseased leaves showing typical symptoms of brown leaf spot. The isolates were cultured on potato sucrose agar, and their morphological characteristics of the causal pathogen were observed under a light microscope. Pathogenicity tests revealed that this fungus was the causal pathogen of the disease. Molecular analyses of the sequences of the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, translation elongation factor 1‐alpha (TEF) and the RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RBP2) gene were conducted to confirm the identity of the pathogen. The multi‐gene phylogeny indicated that the causal agent was Alternaria tenuissima . To our knowledge, this is the first report of A. tenuissima causing brown leaf sports on P. polyphylla var. chinensis in China.
The taxonomy of Babina sensu lato was controversial in the past decades. In this study, the phylogeny of genus Babina sensu lato was re-constructed based on genetic analysis, morphological comparison and advertisement call analysis. We found that Babina sensu stricto and previous subgenus Nidirana should be two distinct genera in the family Ranidae. N. caldwelli is confirmed to be a synonym of N. adenopleura because of the small genetic divergence and the lack of distinct morphological differences. A new species, Nidirana nankunensis sp. nov. is described based on a series of specimens collected from Mt. Nankun, Guangdong Province, China, which can be distinguished from other known congeners by having a behavior of nest construction, distinctive advertisement calls, significant divergence in the mitochondrial genes, and a combination of morphological characters. Currently, the genus Babina contains two species and the genus Nidirana contains eight species.
Feed toxicants and Antinutritional factors are important substances which can cauce decline in the feed nutritive value, the feed palatable and the animal productive forces, or lead to the poisoning diseases. In order to deepen the understanding of feed hygiene quality, prevent and remove the harmful substants, the productive conditions, the variety, harms, the prevent and remove measures of the toxic and harmful substants in feedstuff are briefly reviewed.
The aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy of microsurgery treatment for parasagittal meningioma in the central gyrus region. A microsurgical technique was used to treat 26 patients with large parasagittal meningioma in the central gyrus region. The Rolandic and draining veins and the peritumoral normal brain tissue were retained, and the associated sagittal sinus was appropriately protected. A Simpson grade I, II or III resection was performed in 8 (30.8%), 12 (46.2%) and 6 (23.1%) patients, respectively, with no post‑operative mortalities. Following treatment, 9 patients exhibited hemiparalysis. No tumor recurrence was found in 21 patients during the follow‑up examination. The treatment protocol described in the current study included sufficient pre‑operative imaging evaluations, a skilled microsurgical technique, improved protection of the Rolandic vein and treatment of the sagittal sinus, and was found to significantly increase the total tumor removal rate and decrease post‑operative recurrence.
Karstic landscapes play an important role in biodiversity formation and often contain high levels of endemism. However, site-endemic taxa in karstic landscapes are being threatened by exploitation and weak legal protection. In this study, we describe Odorranaconcelata Wang, Zeng, & Lin, sp. nov., a limestone karst-restricted odorous frog from northern Guangdong, China. This new species shows distinctive genetic divergence and morphological differences from its congeners. Phylogenetic results suggest that the new species represents an independent lineage that is grouped with O.lipuensis and O.liboensis based on the mitochondrial 16S and 12S ribosomal RNA genes. We recommend the new species be listed as Vulnerable (VU) in the IUCN categorization as it is only known from the type locality with limited microhabitats and is threatened by habitat degradation.
Paraffin sectioning technique and scanning electron microscopy methods were applied to observe six species of masses.The internal structure of stems,leaves and the stratum corneum surface ornamentation,warts growth and micro-hole were compared.The results indicated that the epidermal cells of Rhytidium rugosum(Hedw.) Kindb.have small verrucose on outer wall,while the tandem of the wall adjacent to the surface of the cuticle cell patterns long into parallel bundles;stem axis of the Abietinella abietina(hedw.) fleisch was not obvious,in the back of a rib-like thorns protruding warts,dorsal,ventral surfaces of the side wall warts,was covered like;the epidermal cells wall of Bartramia ithphylla Brid.uplift,holes was not sink,orifice was covered by the cuticle ornamentation;the back surface of leaf crude cell wall of Aulacomnium palustre(Hedw.) Schwagr.warts highlighted by the depression,cuticle ornamentation was banded,leaf faces big belly,and in many cell wall-like interface was open;the epidermal cells of back leave of Hylocommium splendens(Hedw.) B.S.G wart like thorns wide,dorsal,ventral warts rough high,the top of the cell wall with depression;Dorsal,ventral cells irregular depressions adjacent cell wall of Ceratodon purpureus(hedw.) Brid.was a small intensive wart.
Jian Wang ter is described and is distinguished by the lanate flower buds and perianth, and sometimes by the lanate bracts.The new species is known only from Mariala National Park and adjacent areas of the neighbouring grazing property 'Varna', western Queensland.
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