Abstract Background Nitric oxide is a small gaseous molecule with significant bioactivity. It has been observed that NO may have a dual role dependent on its production and concentrations in the bone microenvironment. The objective of the study was to assess the concentration of total nitric oxide malonyldialdehyde, nitrotyrosine, and asymmetric dimethylarginine in the serum of patients with mandibular fractures and to understand the relationship between these compounds, in order to expand the knowledge base of the role of nitric oxide and its activity indicators in the process of bone fracture healing.Material and methods The study included patients with mandibular fractures who were undergoing inpatient and outpatient treatments. Results were analyzed with respect to the measurement time. Total nitric oxide concentration in the blood serum was determined according to the Griess reaction, while the concentration of malonyldialdehyde, nitrotyrosine, and asymmetric dimethylarginine was estimated using the immunoenzymatic method (i.e. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay).Results Before procedure as well as on the first day and 2 and 6 weeks after the procedure, higher concentrations of total nitric oxide and lower concentrations of malonyldialdehyde were observed in the blood serum of patients with mandibular fractures compared to the control group. No statistically significant differences were found in nitrotyrosine concentrations in the blood serum of patients throughout the measurement period. However, a significantly higher asymmetric dimethylarginine concentration was observed in the patient serum before the procedure and on the first day of operation as compared with the control group. Analysis of the results observed in patient serum with respect to the number of fractures within the mandible demonstrated the same trend of concentrations for the tested compounds for the entire study group.Conclusions In summary, our results revealed that the intensity of local processes resulting from mandibular fractures is associated with the concentration of nitric oxide, confirming its significant role, as well as that of its indicators, in the process of bone fracture healing in this patient population.
Abstract Background: In the present study, we aimed to investigate selected functions of human neutrophils exposed to bisphenol A (BPA) under in vitro conditions. As BPA is classified among xenoestrogens, we compared its action and effects with those of 17β-estradiol (E2). Methods: Chemotaxis of neutrophils was examined using the Boyden chamber. Their phagocytosis and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen (NADPH) oxidase activity were assessed via Park’s method with latex beads and Park’s test with nitroblue tetrazolium . To assess the total concentration of nitric oxide (NO), the Griess reaction was utilized. Flow cytometry was used to assess the expression of cluster of differentiation (CD) antigens. The formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) was analyzed using a microscope (IN Cell Analyzer 2200 system). Expression of the investigated proteins was determined using Western blot. Results: The analysis of results obtained for both sexes demonstrated that after exposure to BPA, the chemotactic capacity of neutrophils was reduced. In the presence of BPA, the phagocytic activity was found to be elevated in the cells obtained from women and reduced in the cells from men. Following exposure to BPA, the percentage of neutrophils with CD14 and CD284 (TLR4) expression, as well as the percentage of cells forming NETs, was increased in the cells from both sexes. The stimulatory role of BPA and E2 in the activation of NADPH oxidase was observed only in female cells. On the other hand, no influence of E2 on the expression of CD14 and CD284, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and the amount of NET-positive neutrophils was found for both sexes. The study further showed that BPA intensified NO production and iNOS expression in the cells of both sexes. In addition, intensified expression of all tested PI3K-Akt pathway proteins was observed in male neutrophils. Conclusions: The study demonstrated the influence of BPA on neutrophil functions associated with locomotion and pathogen elimination, which in turn may disturb the immune response of these cells in both women and men. Analysis of the obtained data showed that the effect of this xenoestrogen on the human neutrophils was more pronounced than E2.
Abstract Background In the present study, we aimed to investigate selected functions of human neutrophils exposed to bisphenol A (BPA) under in vitro conditions. As BPA is classified among xenoestrogens, we compared its action and effects with those of 17β-estradiol (E2). Methods Chemotaxis of neutrophils was examined using the Boyden chamber. Their phagocytosis and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen (NADPH) oxidase activity were assessed via Park’s method with latex beads and Park’s test with nitroblue tetrazolium. To assess the total concentration of nitric oxide (NO), the Griess reaction was utilized. Flow cytometry was used to assess the expression of cluster of differentiation (CD) antigens. The formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) was analyzed using a microscope (IN Cell Analyzer 2200 system). Expression of the investigated proteins was determined using Western blot. Results The analysis of results obtained for both sexes demonstrated that after exposure to BPA, the chemotactic capacity of neutrophils was reduced. In the presence of BPA, the phagocytic activity was found to be elevated in the cells obtained from women and reduced in the cells from men. Following exposure to BPA, the percentage of neutrophils with CD14 and CD284 (TLR4) expression, as well as the percentage of cells forming NETs, was increased in the cells from both sexes. The stimulatory role of BPA and E2 in the activation of NADPH oxidase was observed only in female cells. On the other hand, no influence of E2 on the expression of CD14 and CD284, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and the amount of NET-positive neutrophils was found for both sexes. The study further showed that BPA intensified NO production and iNOS expression in the cells of both sexes. In addition, intensified expression of all tested PI3K-Akt pathway proteins was observed in male neutrophils. Conclusions The study demonstrated the influence of BPA on neutrophil functions associated with locomotion and pathogen elimination, which in turn may disturb the immune response of these cells in both women and men. Analysis of the obtained data showed that the effect of this xenoestrogen on the human neutrophils was more pronounced than E2.
1. The objective of study was to determine the influence of ethanol and/or N-nitrosodimethyloamine (NDMA) on the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and nitric oxide (NO) production by human neutrophils and determination of the role of NF-κB in this process. 2. Isolated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) derived from 15 human volunteers were incubated in the presence of ethanol and/or NDMA. Expression of the tested proteins were evaluated using the Western blot method. Total NO metabolites was assayed in the cell cultures by Griess reaction. 3. In neutrophils exposed to ethanol or NDMA was observed an increased NF-κB-dependent NO production mediated by iNOS with the contribution of MAP kinases: p38 and JNK. An inhibiting effect of NF-κB signaling pathway on the MAP kinases was observed, which are involved in the iNOS-dependent NO production. By the simultaneous effect, ethanol and NDMA caused stronger generation of NO by neutrophils without the contribution of iNOS. Inhibition of NF-κB in cells simultaneously exposed to the xenobiotics caused a decreased expression of MAP kinases. 4. Individual and simultaneous effect of ethanol and NDMA may cause disorders in the response of immune system. However, the joint effect of the tested substances results in uncontrolled interactions, leading to cascading disorders of signal transduction.
ENWEndNote BIBJabRef, Mendeley RISPapers, Reference Manager, RefWorks, Zotero AMA Nowak M, Nowak K, Nieć M, Pojda-Wilczek D. The role of visual evoked potentials in ophthalmological evaluation of a patient with optic nerve hypoplasia in septo-optic dysplasia. Klinika Oczna / Acta Ophthalmologica Polonica. 2023. doi:10.5114/ko.2023.124701. APA Nowak, M., Nowak, K., Nieć, M., & Pojda-Wilczek, D. (2023). The role of visual evoked potentials in ophthalmological evaluation of a patient with optic nerve hypoplasia in septo-optic dysplasia. Klinika Oczna / Acta Ophthalmologica Polonica. https://doi.org/10.5114/ko.2023.124701 Chicago Nowak, Magdalena, Karolina Nowak, Maria Nieć, and Dorota Pojda-Wilczek. 2023. "The role of visual evoked potentials in ophthalmological evaluation of a patient with optic nerve hypoplasia in septo-optic dysplasia". Klinika Oczna / Acta Ophthalmologica Polonica. doi:10.5114/ko.2023.124701. Harvard Nowak, M., Nowak, K., Nieć, M., and Pojda-Wilczek, D. (2023). The role of visual evoked potentials in ophthalmological evaluation of a patient with optic nerve hypoplasia in septo-optic dysplasia. Klinika Oczna / Acta Ophthalmologica Polonica. https://doi.org/10.5114/ko.2023.124701 MLA Nowak, Magdalena et al. "The role of visual evoked potentials in ophthalmological evaluation of a patient with optic nerve hypoplasia in septo-optic dysplasia." Klinika Oczna / Acta Ophthalmologica Polonica, 2023. doi:10.5114/ko.2023.124701. Vancouver Nowak M, Nowak K, Nieć M, Pojda-Wilczek D. The role of visual evoked potentials in ophthalmological evaluation of a patient with optic nerve hypoplasia in septo-optic dysplasia. Klinika Oczna / Acta Ophthalmologica Polonica. 2023. doi:10.5114/ko.2023.124701.
<b><i>Aims:</i></b> The objective of this study was to investigate the relation between impaired fine motor skills in Parkinson disease (PD) patients and their cognitive status, and to determine whether fine motor skills are more impaired in PD patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) than in non-MCI patients. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Twenty PD MCI and 31 PD non-MCI patients (mean age 66.7 years, range 50-84, 36 males/15 females), all right-handed, took part in a motor performance test battery. Steadiness, precision, dexterity, velocity of arm-hand movements, and velocity of wrist-finger movements were measured and compared across groups and analyzed for confounders (age, sex, education, severity of motor symptoms, and disease duration). Statistical analysis included t tests corrected for multiple testing, and a linear regression with stepwise elimination procedure was used to select significant predictors for fine motor function. <b><i>Results:</i></b> PD MCI patients performed significantly worse in precision (p < 0.05), dexterity (p < 0.05), and velocity (arm-hand movements; p < 0.05) compared to PD non-MCI patients. The fine motor function skills were confounded by age. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Fine motor skills in PD MCI patients are impaired compared to PD non-MCI patients. Investigating the relation between the fine motor performance and MCI in PD might be a relevant subject for future research.
