Degenerative diseases of the liver cause cirrhosis and liver cancer morbidity and lead to death. Efforts to prevent a person’s condition with disorders of the liver through antiviral and hepatoprotective agents are necessary to suppress the progression of liver disease through materials that have the potential as anti-degenerative. Dragon fruit extract which is one of the tropical fruits included in the Cactaceae tribe; can increase phagocytosis, the number of cells, and the total number of leukocytes and affect the relative weight of the spleen. Currently, there has been no scientific publication on the antihepatitic activity of red dragon fruit peel (Hylocereuspolyrhizus) and prototype preparation products for standardized herbs. The long-term goal of the research is to determine the anti-degenerative potential of red dragon fruit peel extract through its hepatoprotective and antiviral properties, safety, and standardization of the extract into a standardized herbal medicine. The research method was The Randomize Posttest-only Control Group Design using 25 male rats which were divided into 5 groups. The outcome recognized a good hepatoprotection activity from red dragon fruit peel extract (Hylocereuspolyrhizus) as indicated by decreased levels of SGPT and SGOT, and histopathological observation, but rather weak activity on HCV (Hepatitis C Virus). Based on the results of reading the SGPT and SGOT analysis data, it can be concluded that the effective dose to provide a hepatoprotective effect is a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight.
Inappropiate antibiotic use was one of the main reason that caused pathogenic microorganism resistance, leads to ineffective treatment. One of those resistance bacteria is Staphylococcus aureus. The research for discovering new antibiotics can help with this issue. The peel of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) is one of the plants that has antibacterial compounds. The aim of this research is to prove and determine the clear zone value of n-hexane fraction of red dragon fruit’s peel againts Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 2593. The peel was maserated with chloroform, then fractinated by n-hexane. Futhermore, the antibacterial properties of the fraction was tested using Disc Diffusion (Kirby-Bauer) methode with 20 and 40 mg/mL concentrations. Ampicillin used as control positive, and Dymetil sulfoxida (DMSO) used as control negative . Based on the phytochemical screening of the fraction, the n-hexane fraction of the dragon fruit’s peel contain terpenoid and alkaloid. Clear zones produced by 40 mg/mL is 12.80±1,69 mm and for 20 mg/mL is 11.17±1,11 mm.
Oxidative stress induced by the radicals have been known to affect the
occurrence of various degenerative diseases. Concerns about possible side effects
of synthetic antioxidants cause a shift in the use of natural antioxidants. As the
search for natural antioxidant compounds had been studied the isolation and
identification of antioxidant compounds in fern stems (Alsophila glauca J.Sm)
using DPPH method (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). Fern stem extraction was
done by maceration with wasbenzen and metanol. Extracts was obtained by
evaporating the wasbenzen solvent with a rotavapor. Material was re-macerated
with methanol after all wasbenzen evaporation. The same way was done on
wasbenzen to obtain the metanol extract. These extracts were tested for
antioxidant activity using DPPH method with TLC. Active extract was partitioned
in 80% metanol. Extracts both soluble and insoluble in metanol 80% were tested
their antioxidant activity using DPPH method (TLC). Active extract was
fractionated in vacuum liquid chromatography using a mobile phase with different
polarity gradient and different concentrations (wasbenzen:chloroform).
Antioxidant activity of fractions obtained were tested by DPPH method (TLC).
Active fraction was isolated by preparative TLC method and purity of compounds
obtained was tested by TLC. Antioxidant activity of isolates obtained were tested
by DPPH method using spectrophotometry. Compounds known to had antioxidant
activity as radical catcher with IC50 178.4 µg/ml. UV-Vis spectrum of the active
isolates showed absorption max 275, 340, 453, dan 483 nm, indicating the
existence of aromatic compounds. Infrared spectra (KBr) showed absorption at
3402.9 cm
-1
(OH), 2927.9 cm
-1
(CHalifatik), 1261.7 cm
-1
dan 1105.4 cm
-1
(C-O),
1615.8 cm
-1
(C=C aromatic), 1385.5 cm
-1
(CH3). GC-MS spectra gave six peaks.
Peak 1 with a retention time of 15.503 minutes generated a mass spectrum with
molecular ion (M+) appeared at m/z 124. These spectra were estimated 4-fluoro1,2-
xylene compound. Peak 2 with a retention time of 15.737 minutes generated a
mass spectrum with molecular ion peaks (M+) appeared at m/z 206. These spectra
were estimated 4-oxo-alpha-ionone compound. Peak 3 with a retention time of
16.126 minutes generated a mass spectrum with molecular ion peaks (M+)
appeared at m/z 208,1. Peak 4 with a retention time of 17.165 minutes generated a
mass spectrum with molecular ion peaks (M+) appeared at m/z 196. These spectra
were estimated loliolide compound. Peak 5 with a retention time of 18.879
minutes generated a mass spectrum with molecular ion peaks (M+) appeared at
m/z 178. These spectra were estimated methanone,cyclohexyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl
compound. Peak 6 with a retention time of 23.942 minutes generated a mass
spectrum with molecular ion peaks (M+) appeared at m/z 355.
Aedes spp larval resistance against chemical insecticide has been reported in many country. The new methods that can be used to control the mosquito populations as a dengue fever vector and alternative compound which is safe for environtment and can’t cause the resistance need to be found. Pandan leaves have aromatic fragrant that can be expected as a oviposition deterrent effect against Aeses spp mosquito. To know oviposition deterrent effects and optimum consentration of pandan leaves (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) infusa against Aedes spp. This research was an experimental research using six groups of concentration. There was 0 mL/L (control), 3 mL/L, 3,5 mL/L, 4 mL/L, 4,5 mL/L and 5 mL/L. Every groups would be repeated by fourth. Ovitraps with different concentration of pandan leaves infusa placed at research location. The mosquito eggs that caught at the ovitrap would be counting and identifying in the laboratorium. Data was analyzed using One Way Anova test via computer program SPSS 19.0 and then continued by LSD test with 95% confidence level. The repellency percentage at 3 mL/L concentration is 30.35%; 3,5 mL/L is 55.35%; 4 mL/L is 65.17%; 4,5 mL/L is 82.14% and 5 mL/L is 100% with significancy value is 0,000 (p<0,05).
Antioksidan merupakan suatu senyawa atau zat yang mampu memperlambat, menunda, ataupun mencegah terjadinya proses reaksi radikal bebas dalam oksidasi lipid. Kulit buah naga merah memiliki manfaat sebagai sumber antioksidan dikarenakan kaya akan kandungan senyawa polifenol. Kulit buah naga juga mengandung alkaloid, terpenoid, flavonoid, fenolik, tiamin, niasin, piridoksin, kobalamin, karoten, fitoalbumin, vitamin A, vitamin C, dan vitamin E yang bermanfaat sebagai antioksidan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana nilai IC 50 dari ekstrak etanol dan fraksi n-heksan kulit buah naga merah yang berpotensi memiliki aktivitas antioksidan. Metode yang digunakan untuk menguji aktivitas antioksidan pada ekstrak etanol dan fraksi n-heksan kulit buah naga merah adalah dengan DPPH. Hasil yang diperoleh yaitu nilai IC 50 dari ekstrak etanol kulit buah naga merah 2.060 μg/ml, fraksi N-Heksan 4.012 μg/ml, dan vitamin C sebagai kontrol positif memiliki nilai IC 50 sebesar 1,905 μg/ml. Aktivitas antioksidan dari ekstrak etanol dan fraksi N-Heksan lebih rendah dibandingkan vitamin C. Kata Kunci: DPPH, IC 50 , Vitamin C, Antioksidan Antioxidants are compounds or substances that can slow down, delay, or prevent the occurrence of free radical reactions in lipid oxidation. Red dragon fruit peel is useful as a source of antioxidants because it is rich in polyphenolic compounds. Dragon fruit skin also contains alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, phenolics, thiamine, niacin, pyridoxine, cobalamin, carotene, phytoalbumin, vitamin A, vitamin C, and vitamin E which are useful as antioxidants. This study aimed to determine the IC50 value of the ethanolic extract and the n-hexane fraction of red dragon fruit peel which is thought to have antioxidant activity. The method used to test the antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract and the n-hexane fraction of red dragon fruit peel was DPPH. The results obtained were the IC50 value of the ethanolic extract of red dragon fruit peel 2.060 μ g/ml, the N-Hexan fraction was 4.012 μ g/ml, and vitamin C as a positive control had an IC 50 value of 1,905 μ g/ml. The antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract and N-Hexane fraction was lower than that of vitamin C.
<p> </p><p>Red dragon fruit (<em>H. Polyrhizus</em>) is one of the the plants that has a great potential as natural antioxidant. This study tested the activity of radical scavenging of 2-2' diphenyl -1- pikril hidrazil (DPPH) in the methanol extract, as well as in the soluble and insoluble fractions of ethyl acetate of red dragon fruit peel. This research is carried out through various stages, such as: extraction and fractionation to obtain both insoluble fraction and soluble fractions of ethyl acetate. Antioxidant activity test is conducted by the method of thin layer chromatography and spectrophotometry.<strong> </strong>Antioxidant activity test, IC<sub>50 </sub>values of methanol extract, ethyl acetate soluble fraction, and insoluble fraction of ethyl acetate had been obtained consecutively as much as 241.19 µg /mL, 8.34 µg/mL, 46.84 µg/mL. The soluble fraction of ethyl acetate had greater antioxidant activity compared to the methanol extract and the insoluble fractions of ethyl acetate.</p>
Stunting is a chronic malnutrition problem characterized by short stature in children. The high prevalence of stunting in the long term in children will impact economic losses for Indonesia. Nowadays, nutritional problems are not only seen as health problems but have become a shared responsibility, and they need attention from all sectors, including educational institutions such as the Faculty of Medicine. The leading cause of stunting is malnutrition for a long time. Community Service Activities (PKM) aim to equip the Perumnas II Health Center cadres with information, education, and skills related to information on stunting prevention. This PKM activity consists of several activities, including designing educational methods, stunting educational media, and administering pretests and posttests. The results show an increase in the understanding of cadres with the indicator that the average pretest score is 55 and the average posttest score is 71.75. In conclusion, there has been an increase in the understanding of the Perumnas II Health Center cadres.
Exposure to cigarette smoke is one of the exogenous free radicals. Exposure to cigarette smoke is associated with lung inflammation, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Compounds that can inhibit the oxidation reaction by binding free radicals known as antioxidants. Eleutherine americana Merr. leaves has an antioxidant activity in invitro study. The aim of this work was to study E.americana leaves as a natural antioxidant that reduce the level of lung damage from exposure to cigarette smoke in male wistar rats and study effective dose of E.americana leaves to reduce the level of lung damage. The leaves of E.americana extracted by maceration method for 6 days using ethanol 70%. Rats were divided into six groups of four animals each : exposed to ambient air (GroupA), exposed to cigarette smoke (Group B), exposed to cigarette smoke and treated with ethanol extract of E.americana leaves at dose 45mg/kg bw, 90mg/kg bw, 180mg/kg bw (Group C,D,E), exposed to cigarette smoke and treated with vitamin E dose 18mg/kg bb(Group F). All rats were treated for 14 days using 3 cigarettes non filtered each day by using a smoking chamber. After 14 days rats were killed. Right lungs were removed for histopathology. The results showed that dose 45mg/kg bw, 90mg/kg bw, 180mg/kg bw can reduce the level of lung damage to the enlarge of alveolar, thickening of the alveolar wall and inflammatory cell infiltration. Dose 180mg/kg bw as an effective dose to reduce the level of lung damage that compare to normal control.
Objective: Indonesia is a country which has various natural resources including medicinal plants. Among the plants, red dragon fruit is interesting to be studied. In this study, antioxidant activity of red dragon fruit peel (Hylocereus polyrhizus (F.A.C. Weber) Britton and Rose) isolate was tested using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method.Methods: Isolation of active compounds was performed through the application of vacuum liquid chromatography and preparative thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Antioxidant activity was tested using both TLC and spectrophotometry.Result: Results revealed that the values of IC50 of isolate 1 and 2 were 2.952, 14 μg/mL and 25.635,95 μg/mL, respectively.Conclusion: Isolate of dragon fruit has antioxidant activity. The compound which results in antioxidant activity is terpenoid and steroid.
Diare adalah kumpulan gejala infeksi yang terjadi pada saluran pencernaan manusia yang disebabkan oleh beberapa organisme yaitu bakteri, virus dan parasit. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis tingkat pengetahuan ibu dan mengetahui pengaruh tingkat pengetahuan ibu terhadap obat diare akut pada pasien anak di RS Umum Daerah Drs. Jocobus Luna, M.Si. Metode penelitian adalah deskriptif prospektif dengan rancangan penelitian menggunakan cross sectional. Alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah lembar kuesioner dan dilakukan pengolahan dengan SPSS. Pemilihan sampel menggunakan teknik Non-probability sampling dan diperoleh total responden sebanyak 100 responden yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hasil penelitian yang didapat adalah sebanyak 49 kasus diare anak, dengan sebagian besar ibu berusia 26-35 tahun sebanyak 49%, memiliki riwayat pendidikan di tingkat SMA sebanyak 60% dan 50% ibu memiliki pekerjaan sebagai ibu rumah tangga,serta tingkat pengetahuan ibu terbanyak terdapat pada golongan cukup (40%). Kesimpulan penelitian yaitu didapat nilai P-Value 0,000 sehingga terdapat pengaruh antara tingkat pengetahuan ibu dengan angka kejadian diare pada anak.
