Giardiasis, Giardia lamblia'nin neden oldugu Turkiye'de cocuklar arasinda yaygin olan intestinal protozoal bir enfeksiyondur. Bu calismada cocuklarda immunoglobulin A, E, G, M ve C-reaktif protein (CRP) ile giardiasis arasindaki iliskiyi belirleme amaclanmis. Bu nedenle native-lugol, formol etil asetat ve trikrom coklastirma yontemlerinden en az biriyle diskilarinda Giardia Lamblia kist ve/veya trofozoiti saptanan 2-15 yaslari arasinda 31 cocuk hasta grubu olarak kabul edilmistir (HG). Ayni yas grubundan saglikli 50 cocuk kontrol grubu (KG) kabul edilmislerdir. Kan immunoglobulin ve CRP duzeyleri sirasi ile ELISA ve agglutinasyon yontemleri ile olculmustur. Her iki grupta IgA duzeyleri normal sinirlar icinde bulunmustur. HG'da (%38.7) ve KG'da (%16) olgunun IgE duzeylerinin normalin uzerinde oldugu saptanmistir (p
Objective: Despite a great number of studies, very little is known about the mechanism of action of enuresis alarm systems. Nevertheless, as a result of this treatment many children are able firstly to wake up before urination occurs and then, in time, to sleep through the night without voiding. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of enuresis alarms on bladder storage capacities. Material and Methods: A total of 28 children aged >7 years who were not polyuric but who voided once every night, slept alone in their own bedroom and who were willing, along with their family members, to cooperate were recruited. Patients were asked to record their urine output using a frequency/volume chart for two consecutive days. After these records and the results of physical and laboratory examinations were taken into consideration, treatment was instituted with the bell‐and‐pad (alarm) system for a period of 12 weeks. At the end of this period, patients were asked to complete another frequency/volume chart. Results: The pre‐ and post‐treatment maximum functional bladder capacity was 178.35 ± 87.86 ml and 243.03 ± 102.84 ml, respectively and the pre‐ and post‐treatment mean day‐time bladder capacity was 111.11 ± 45.87 and 148.445 ± 7.68 ml. Both of these differences were statistically significant (p < 0.0001 and <0.0001, respectively). The maximum nocturnal bladder capacity was found to be increased from 177.85 ± 84.95 to 255.25 ± 124.52 ml after treatment (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Treatment with the alarm system for a period of 12 weeks was seen to be associated with a significant increase in bladder storage capacities (maximum nocturnal bladder capacity, maximum functional bladder capacity and mean day‐time bladder capacity).
Objective: To investigate the possible protective effect of a single dose of ketamine and the synergistic effect between ketamine and 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate (mesna) against ifosfamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis. Materials and Methods: 35 adult female wistar rats were divided into five groups and pretreated with ketamine at 10 mg/kg and/or mesna 400 mg/kg 30 minutes before intraperitoneal injection of IFS (400 mg/kg) or with saline (control group). Hemorrhagic cystitis was evaluated 24 hours after IFS injection according to bladder wet weight (BWW), and microscopic changes, i.e. edema, hemorrhage, cellular infiltration, and urothelial desquamation. The markers of oxidative damage including nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and the expressions of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β), inducible nitric oxide synthase (i-NOS) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (e-NOS) were also assayed in the bladder tissues. Results: Pretreatment with ketamine alone or ketamine in combination with mesna reduced the IFS-induced increase of BWW (58,47% and 63,33%, respectively, P < 0.05). IFS- induced microscopic alterations were also prevented by ketamine with or without mesna (P < 0.05). In addition, also statistically insignificant, the bladder tissue expressions of IL-1β were lower in ketamine and/or mesna-receiving groups (P > 0,05). The parameters of oxidative stress, the NO and the MDA contents of the bladder tissues of the study groups were not different. Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that a single dose of ketamine pretreatment attenuates experimental IFS-induced bladder damage. It is therefore necessary to investigate ketamine locally and systematically with various dosing schedulesin order to reduce the bladder damage secondary to oxazaphosphorine-alkylating agents and these results may widen the spectrum of ketamine.
Leukoerythroblastosis is a rarely observed disease characterized by the presence of leukocytosis, erythroid and myeloid blast cells in peripheral blood. To our knowledge, it had not been diagnosed in a premature newborn before the case we report have.A female baby weighing 1164 grams, who was born prematurely at the 29th week of gestation by Cesarean section was referred to our newborn intensive care unit due to prematurity and respiratory distress with no prenatal pathological findings. Physical examination revealed tachypnea and hepatosplenomegaly. Routine laboratory measurements showed significant leukocytosis (85,000/mm3) and anemia (Hb: 9.6 g/dL and Hct: 27.6%). The platelet count was normal. The peripheral blood smear suggested leukoerythroblastosis with the presence of nucleated erythrocytes, monocytosis, and 4% blasts. Bone marrow cytogenetic examination was normal. Parvovirus B19 Ig G and M serology were detected to be positive. The etiological factors observed in leukoerythroblastosis occurring during neonatal and early childhood period are congenital-postnatal viral infections, juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia and osteopetrosis. To our knowledge, no case of leukoerythroblastosis in such an early phase has been reported in the in literature. As a result, premature delivery and leukoerythroblastosis were thought to have developed secondary to intrauterine parvovirus B19 infection. Leukoerythroblastosis is a rarely observed disease characterized by the presence of leukocytosis, erythroid and myeloid blast cells in peripheral blood. It is reported that it can be observed following hematologic malignancies especially juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia, acute infections, hemolytic anemia, osteopetrosis, myelofibrosis, neuroblastoma and taking certain medicines. To our knowledge, it has not been diagnosed in a premature newborn before. Here we the case of a newborn who was referred to our intensive care unit due to being born prematurely at the 29th week of gestation and diagnosed with leukoerythroblastosis.
The purpose of this study was (1) to explore the levels and dimensions of Organizational Learning Capability (OLC) and Organizational Innovativeness (OI) and (2) to investigate the effects of OLC on OI. The data were collected from entry and middle level managers of firms, which are the members of Manisa Chamber of Commerce and Industry. The data were collected from 143 managers through survey (by web page and by personal visits). The analysis revealed that OLC had seven factor dimensions: knowledge sharing, dialogue, participative decion making, managerial commitment, experience and openness, knowledge transfer, and risk taking. The OI was measured by five dimensions including behavioral, product, process, market, and strategic innovativeness. The results indicate that OLC dimensions significantly influenced OI. In the conclusion, the study findings, implications, limitations and recommendations were stated.
