‘CPCL 00‐4111’ (Reg. No. CV‐144, PI 660673) sugarcane (a complex hybrid of Saccharum spp.) is the latest in a series of commercial sugarcane cultivar releases developed by the United States Sugar Corporation (USSC) and completed by the cooperative Canal Point sugarcane breeding and selection program, which included the USDA‐ARS, the University of Florida, and the Florida Sugar Cane League, Inc. CPCL 00‐4111, which was released in Florida on 18 Feb. 2011, was selected from a cross of genotype CL 83‐3431 × CL 89‐5189 made at Clewiston, FL on 4 Dec. 1998. The female and male parents, CL 83‐3431 and CL 89‐5189, respectively, are proprietary genotypes of USSC. CPCL 00‐4111 was released because of its high cane yield and commercial recoverable sucrose on organic (muck) soils and because of its resistance to brown rust (caused by Puccinia melanocephala H. & P. Sydow), orange rust (caused by Puccinia kuehnii E.J. Butler), smut (caused by Ustilago scitaminea H. & P. Sydow), and Sugarcane mosaic virus strain E (the causal agent of mosaic), as well as its moderate resistance to leaf scald [caused by Xanthomonas albilineans (Ashby) Dowson]. All of these diseases are of economic importance to sugarcane production in Florida.
Summary The experiment was carried out in three crop cycles as plant cane, first ratoon, and second ratoon at five locations on Florida muck soils (histosols) to evaluate the genotypes, test locations, and identify the superior and stable sugarcane genotypes. There were 13 sugarcane genotypes along with three commercial cultivars as checks included in this study. Five locations were considered as environments to analyze genotype-by-environment interaction (GEI) in 13 genotypes in three crop cycles. The sugarcane genotypes were planted in a randomized complete block design with six replications at each location. Performance was measured by the traits of sucrose yield tons per hectare (SY) and commercial recoverable sugar (CRS) in kilograms of sugar per ton of cane. The data were subjected to genotype main effects and genotype × environment interaction (GGE) analyses. The results showed significant effects for genotype (G), locations (E), and G × E (genotype × environment interaction) with respect to both traits. The GGE biplot analysis showed that the sugarcane genotype CP 12-1417 was high yielding and stable in terms of sucrose yield. The most discriminating and non-representative locations were Knight Farm (KN) for both SY and CRS. For sucrose yield only, the most discriminating and non-representative locations were Knight Farm (KN), Duda and Sons, Inc. USSC, Area 5 (A5), and Okeelanta (OK).
Current conditions of 2–11 kJ m−2 day−1 of UV-B radiation and temperatures of >30°C during flowering in cotton cultivated regions are projected to increase in the future. A controlled environment study was conducted in sunlit growth chambers to determine the effects of UV-B radiation and temperature on physiology, growth, development and leaf hyperspectral reflectance of cotton. Plants were grown in the growth chambers at three day/night temperatures (24/16°C, 30/22°C and 36/28°C) and three levels of UV-B radiation (0, 7 and 14 kJ m−2 day−1) at each temperature from emergence to 79 days under optimum nutrient and water conditions. Increases in main stem node number and the node of first fruiting branch and decrease in duration to first flower bud (square) and flower were recorded with increase in temperature. Main effects of temperature and UV-B radiation were significant for net photosynthetic rates, stomatal conductance, total chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations of uppermost, fully expanded leaves during squaring and flowering. A significant interaction between temperature and UV-B radiation was detected for total biomass and its components. The UV-B radiation of 7 kJ m−2 day−1 reduced boll yield by 68% and 97% at 30/22°C and 36/28°C, respectively, compared with yield at 0 kJ m−2 day−1 and 30/22°C. No bolls were produced in the three temperature treatments under 14 kJ m−2 day−1 UV-B radiation. The first-order interactions between temperature, UV-B radiation and leaf age were significant for leaf reflectance. This study suggests a growth- and process-related temperature dependence of sensitivity to UV-B radiation.
Abstract Remote sensing of nitrogen (N) concentration and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) in herbage can help livestock managers make timely decisions for adjusting stocking rate and managing pastures during the grazing season. Traditional laboratory analyses of N and IVDMD are time‐consuming and costly. Non‐destructive measurements of canopy hyperspectral reflectance of pasture may provide a rapid and inexpensive means of estimating these measures of nutritive value. Using a portable spectroradiometer, canopy reflectance was measured in eight warm‐season grass pastures in the USA in June and July in 2002 and 2003 to develop and validate algorithms for estimating N concentration and IVDMD of herbage. Nitrogen concentration of herbage was linearly correlated ( r = 0·82; P < 0·001) with a ratio of reflectance in the 705‐ and 1685‐nm wavebands ( R 705 / R 1685 ) and IVDMD was correlated with R 705 / R 535 (r = 0·74; P < 0·001). Compared with simple linear regressions of N concentration and IVDMD in herbage with two‐waveband reflectance ratios, multiple regression, using maximum r 2 improvement, band‐depth analysis with step‐wise regression, and partial least‐squares regression enhanced the correlation between N concentration and IVDMD of herbage and canopy reflectance values (0·81 ≤ | r | ≤ 0·90; P < 0·001). Validation of the prediction equations indicated that multiple regression only slightly improved accuracy of a model for predicting N concentration and IVDMD of herbage compared with simple linear regression of reflectance ratios. Results suggest that the N concentration and IVDMD of herbage of warm‐season grass pastures can be rapidly and non‐destructively estimated during the grazing season using canopy reflectance in a few narrow wavebands.
‘CP 09‐4153’ (Reg. no. CV‐189, PI 688442), ‘CPCL 09‐4160’ (Reg. no. CV‐188, PI 688443), and ‘CP 09‐4758’ (Reg. no. CV‐190, PI 688444) are new sugarcane (complex hybrids of Saccharum spp.) cultivars developed through cooperative research conducted by the USDA‐ARS, the University of Florida, and the Florida Sugar Cane League and released to be cultivated on mineral (sand) soils in Florida. Female and male parents, respectively are CPCL 97‐0393 and CPCL 02‐8021 for CP 09‐4153; ‘CP 80‐1743’ and Poly 01‐8 (a pollen mix) for CPCL 09‐4160; and CP 97‐2103 and CP 92‐1167 for CP 09‐4758. Averaged across three crop cycles, CP 09‐4153 and CP 09‐4758 had, respectively, 32.4 and 21.9% higher cane yield and 28.1 and 20.2% higher sucrose yield compared with ‘CL 88‐4730’, a commercial reference cultivar. CPCL 09‐4160 did not differ significantly from CL 88‐4730 in cane and sucrose yields, but it was resistant to major sugarcane diseases in the region except ratoon stunt. CP 09‐4153 and CP 09‐4758 were considered to have low to moderate freeze tolerance while CPCL 09‐4160 was considered to be moderate in freeze tolerance. Overall, these three cultivars were released by the Florida Sugarcane Variety Committee due to their high cane and sucrose yields, particularly in the ratoon crops, and their acceptable levels of resistance to brown rust, orange rust (except CP 09‐4758), smut, leaf scald (except CP 09‐4758), Sugarcane mosaic virus strain E, ratoon stunt (except CPCL 09‐4160), and Sugarcane yellow leaf virus .
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