Sugarcane Growth, Physiological and Yield Responses to Application of Trinexapac-ethyl (Moddus™) in Grand Growth Phase
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Cane
Stalk
Plant Physiology
Multiple regression analysis was carried out in twelve crosses of sugarcane at the first clonal,generation in order to get a measure of independent contribution of stalk number/plot, stalk weight, stalk length and stalk diameter towards cane yield. The study revealed the importance of stalk number/plot and stalk weight independently and in combination in determining the cane yield/plot.
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The growth characters and yield component of sugarcane ratoon were studied. The results showed that sugarcane ratoon had the advantages of early emergence and fast growth, early maturing and longer stalk in early grinding season. The low ratoon cane yield was caused by the fewer millable canes and the shorter stalk to comparing with planting cane. The stalk growth, shoot number changing and cane yield component of ROC16 and ROC22, the two new most leading cultivars, were analyzed, and the corresponding cultivation measures for a high cane yield and sugar content were also discussed.
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Saccharum
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Fetid experiment continued for three years with several sugarcane cultivars, and data of growth and yield of different seedlings propagated with buds in top, middle and basal stalk were collected. The results showed that there were following better characteristics in seedlings propagated with middle buds: higher germination rate, more tillers, faster stalk pushing, more millable stalks, higher plant, greater stalk diameter.Its mean cane yield was 25.7% higher than that of terminal bud,38.9% higher than that of basal bud. Its ratoon cane was also superior both in cane yield and sucrose yield.It was proved that sugar cane is belong to middle-section-advantage crops.Its genetic advantage section is in the middle of stalk, so deterioration of sugar cane cultivars can be avoided in some degree by propagating with middle buds, and it will contribute to both cane yield and sucrose yield.
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Combining ability for quality and quantity characters was studied in line × tester analysis of sugarcane. Significant differences for all characters for female, male, and female * male were observed. The variances due to sea were higher than due to gca for all the characters, indicating the importance of nonadditive gene action. Varieties POJ 2878, Co 775 for stalk weight, stalk girth, Kg-brix, CCS/cane, sucrose % in juice, purity coefficient and fibre % Q68, Co 6904for stalk grith, sucrose % in juice, purity coefficient, and invert sugar; and Co 1148 for mutable canes/clump, internodes/cane exhibited high gca effect, whereas crosses POJ 2878 × Co 775 and Co 7314 × Co 1148 for stalk girth, stalk weight, CCS/cane, internodes/cane,Kg-brix and sucrose % in juice; the cross BO 70 × Co 775 for sucrose % in juice and CCS/cane; and cross Co 7004 × Co 1148 for CCS/cane, stalk girth and sucrose % in juice show high sca effects. The presence of overdominance indicated that maintenance of heterozygosity would be advantageous for increasing the yield in cane which is not difficult as it is heterozygous and vegetatively propagated crop.
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Cane
Plant stem
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Saccharum
Overdominance
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A study was conducted to estimate heritability of selected traits, and determine direct and indirect effects of selected plant traits on cane yield and sucrose content in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.). Sixteen clones were evaluated in a replicated field experiment under irrigated conditions at Sugarcane Research Program, Jitpur, Nepal in 1999-2000. Eight morphological and three juice quality characters were studied. The 16 clone differed significantly for all the characters except juice purity. Broad sense heritability (hb2) estimates were high for stalk weight, stalk length, internode length, cane yield millable cane number, germination, and stalk diameter. Juice quality characters showed lower hb2 estimates. Cane yield showed significant positive correlations with stalk length, stalk weight, and internode number and length. Internode length was significantly positively correlated with brix and sucrose content in juice. The percent germination at 45 days after planting, and millable cane number were also important due to their positive direct effect on cane yield. Path coefficient analysis showed that stalk weight and length were the most important components of cane yield. The results suggest that stalk weight and length could be successfully used as indirect selection criteria to improve cane yield.J. Inst. Agric. Anim. Sci. 2003 24:13-19.
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Stalk
Brix
Saccharum
Path coefficient
Saccharum officinarum
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Mintang 97-301 selected from the cross combination CP65-357×YC84-153 was a new sugarcane cultivar with middle stem,high yield,high sucrose content and wide adaptability.The results from different sites for several years showed that its mean cane yield was 124.013t·hm-2,which was 7.86% higher than that of check.Sucrose content of cane was 15.40% during the period of Nov.to Jan.Sugar yield was 19.094t·hm-2,which was11.74% higher than that of check in Fujian Province.It was a wide adaptability cultivar,not easily affected by the environment.Stalk number and stalk length were both the important factors of cane yield,and their effects were the strongest to cane yield.In cultivation,we should place emphasis on increasing millable stalk and stalk length.
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A 2-year field trial involving 12 sugarcane varieties with both rich sucrose and high cane yield was conducted to analyze the main characteristics including cane yield,sucrose content and sucrose yield,and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation in the Nanning,Guangxi.The results showed that:(1)ROC21,ROC22,GX94-129 and GX93-102 were superior to control variety ROC16 in the cane yield and sucrose content as well as agronomic characters,and the GX93-102 had higher sucrose content than ROC16 while GX94-119 showed similar sucrose content as ROC16;(2)ROC20,Brazil 45,GD93-159,ROC23,Tai-you 1,GX94-116 and Tai-you 2 were inferior to ROC16 in comprehensive characters.Among those varieties,although it has a higher cane yield,Brazil 45 was inferior to ROC16 in its sucrose content and average sucrose content in November,while the others showed much lower cane yield.
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The relationship between cane yield and its components factors of new sugarcane variety YT00-236 were studied with correlation and multiple regression analysis.The results of correlation analysis indicated that the decreasing order of the importance of these factors to the cane yield was as follows: millable stalkstalk lengthstalk diameter;Multiple regression analysis showed that the contribution of millable stalk to the cane yield was the most,and that of stalk diameter was the least.Besides,multiple regression equation of the cane yield and its component factors was y=42.70608+1.31937x1+26.99126x2-2242.1572x3(r=0.9967**).The results of path analysis demonstrated that the direct effect of millable stalk was the strongest,followed by stalk length,and stalk diameter was the weakest.Consequently,millable stalk and stalk length were both the most important factors of cane yield for YT00-236,which was classified as the sugarcane variety of millable stalk type.And so,in cultivation,it should be considered to develop the advantage of this variety in many millable stalks,taking account of stalk length(plant height),to increase the cane yield,sucrose and income.
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Main yield characters such as stalk length, diameter, effective stalks per hectare and cane yield were analysed using the correlation and path coefficient of 12 varities both for suger and fruit use. The results showed that stalk length and effective stalks per hectare were significantly or highly significantly correlated with cane yield. And the stalk diameter was not significantly negatively correlated with cane yield. Among the characters, stalk length was not significantly positively correlated with effective stalks per hectare. Stalk diameter was slightly negatively correlated with effective stalks per hectare, and significantly negatively correlated with stalk length specially. The direct effect and total contribution of effective stalks per hectare to yield ranked the first, the stalk length and diameter ranked the second and third. Because the using type has changed, in breeding and field cultivation of sugar-fruit cane, it should be aimed at higher effective stalks, while most paid more attention to stalk diameter too. To obtain higher economic effect, coordination of three characters, seems important.
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Yuetang 03-393(Yuetang No.60) was selected from the crossing between Yuetang 92-1287 and Yuetang 93-159 by Guangzhou Sugarcane Industry Research Institute.The results of plant tests conducted at different sites for several years showed that Yuetang 03-393 mean cane yield was 105.726 t/hm2,sugar yield was 17.147 t/hm2,sucrose content was 16.23 % from November to January,being 12.7 %,21.6 % and 1.21 percent,higher than those of the check variety ROC22,respectively.Cane yield,sugar yield and sucrose content of Yuetang 03-393 were all more stable than ROC22,and both of them were not easily affected by the environment.Stalk number and stalk length were all the most important factors of cane yield,and their effects were the strongest to cane yield.In cultivation,we should place emphasis on increasing millable stalk and stalk length.Structural analysis of yield and its component factors showed that the optimum population structure of 90-120 t/hm2 should have the millable stalk between 5.30 and 6.30 ten-thousand branches/hm2,stalk length between 260 and 300 cm and stalk diameter between 2.85 and 3.00 cm,while the optimum population structure of 105-135 t/hm2 should have the millable stalk between 5.70 and 6.75 ten-thousand branches/hm2,stalk length between 270 and 315 cm,stalk diameter between 2.85 and 3.12 cm.
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