Objective:To analyze the constituents of essential oil extracted from the pericarp and seeds of Illicium verum Hook.f.to establish foundation for reasonable utilization of them.Methods:The essential oils were extracted by CO_2supereritieal fluid extraction(SFE-CO_2)method,then separated and identified by GC-MS.Relative con- tent of each component was determined by area normalization.Results:61 components were identified from the peri- carp,the identified compounds account for 85.33% of total oil in the pericarp;The main constituents in essential oil of the pericarp were transanethole(45.29 %),feniculine(9.23%),D-limonene(6.25 %).22 components were i- dentified from the seeds,the identified compounds account for 84.92% of total oil in the seeds;The main constitu- ents in essential oil of the seeds were transanethole(58.04%),(Z)-2-decenal(5.02%),(Z)-2-heptenal (4.73%).49 compounds are only existed in the pericarp,10 compounds are only existed in the seeds,12 com- pounds are existed both in seeds and pericarp,26 compounds are identified from the plant for the first time.Conclu- sions:The pericarp and seeds of Illicium verum Hook.f.have ahnostly the same main compound,but their content and the secondary compounds are different,and should be treated differently.
Abstract Full iron tailings concrete can effectively use iron tailings as the raw materials of concrete. This paper used iron tailings powder, iron tailings sand and iron tailing gravel to replace fly ash, river sand, and ordinary gravel as concrete admixtures, fine and coarse aggregates, respectively. The orthogonal experimental method was used to optimize the mix proportion of C40 strength grade full iron tailings concrete. Research results showed that the optimal mix proportions of C40 strength grade full iron tailings concrete was water cement ratio 0.34, sand ratio 39%, and water reducing agent 0.4%.
Abstract Microwave pyrolysis, as an environmentally friendly energy recovery technology, has great potential for development in waste treatment. In this paper, the research progress of microwave pyrolysis technology is reviewed in order to sort out the current status and predict the future development direction. Starting from the general treatment methods of waste, the principles, advantages and applications of microwave heating compared with conventional heating are highlighted. Next, the main research results of microwave pyrolysis on different raw materials are examined. Then, the characteristics, advantages and application prospects of microwave pyrolysis products are reviewed. Finally, the future development direction of microwave pyrolysis is predicted based on the challenges facing industrial production.
In recent years, Offshore Wind Power (OWP) has gained prominence in China’s national energy strategy. However, the levelized cost of electricity (LCoE) of wind power must be further reduced to match the average wholesale price. The cost-cutting and revenue-generating potential of offshore wind generation depends on technological innovation. The most recent studies and applications of offshore wind technology are thoroughly examined. (1) Techniques for site selection, such as site surveys, wind resource assessments, and environmental factors, are reviewed. (2) Three main technical components in offshore wind farms are discussed, including wind turbine, foundations, and booster stations. (3) The state-of-the-art method of the offshore wind farm’s construction and operation and maintenance (O&M) practices is discussed. In situ marine geological surveying, large-scale offshore wind turbine manufacturing, integrated structural design, floating foundation design, flexible DC transmission technology, shortage of specialized vessels and equipment for construction, intelligence of O&M, and other issues are challenging China’s OWP industry. A brief overview of China’s efforts in standardization, parity, and research and development are discussed. Recommendations for future development of the wind power industry are provided for China, which may be referable for other nations with comparable circumstances.
Modeling of multimedia environmental issues is extremely complex due to the intricacy of the systems with the consideration of many factors. In this study, an improved environmental multimedia modeling is developed and a number of testing problems related to it are examined and compared with each other with standard numerical and analytical methodologies. The results indicate the flux output of new model is lesser in the unsaturated zone and groundwater zone compared with the traditional environmental multimedia model. Furthermore, about 90% of the total benzene flux was distributed to the air zone from the landfill sources and only 10% of the total flux emitted into the unsaturated, groundwater zones in non-uniform conditions. This paper also includes functions of model sensitivity analysis to optimize model parameters such as Peclet number (Pe). The analyses results show that the Pe can be considered as deterministic input variables for transport output. The oscillatory behavior is eliminated with the Pe decreased. In addition, the numerical methods are more accurate than analytical methods with the Pe increased. In conclusion, the improved environmental multimedia model system and its sensitivity analysis can be used to address the complex fate and transport of the pollutants in multimedia environments and then help to manage the environmental impacts.
The new emission inventories of Beijing city were developed based on the Four Stage Measures of Short-term Air Pollution Control implemented by Beijing municipal government. The concentrations of primary air pollutants SO2, NOx and PM10 in urban area during the time period of the Four Stages were simulated by an air quality model. It was shown that those measures have significant effects on the reductions of emissions and environmental concentrations of SO2 and NOx, while for PM10, the control strategies were not so effective.
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