Seaweed accumulation result in undesirable environmental problems along the coastline of Istanbul. In this study, methane production potential of seaweed/food waste matrix was evaluated to explore how much of waste seaweed could be fed with food waste to an anaerobic digester at what rates of substrate to inoculum (S/X). Results indicated that the reactors fed with only food waste were inhibited with the S/X ratio exceeding 4 g VSsubstrate/g VSinoculum, but it could be reached up to 2,172 m3biogas/m3reactor/d in continuous-fed-system when seaweed/food waste mixture ratio increases to 2/1 at 6 g VSsubstrate/g VSinoculum. This was indicated that seaweed was a useable agent with a good buffer capacity to improve performance of digesters arising from substrate inhibition. Methane production potential data was also modelled to describe the digestion kinetics by modified Gompertz, first-order, logistic function, and transference equation models. Transference function among applied models gave the best fit to describe the kinetics of methane production potential at practical applications.
Day by day, with the increment in the world’s temperature, the ways of reducing greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) have been started to be investigated more to slow down this process. To create a sustainable action plan and a road map, the governments and the international agencies have been started to take steps. Based on this aim, United Nations (UN) determined the most effective factors on GHGE with respect to their possible reduction amounts to take an action. On the other hand, the world bank identified related indicators of GHGE for the governments to create their individual agendas to work for a sustainable and affordable environment and city plans. This work proposes a methodology consisting of spherical fuzzy TOPSIS (SF-TOPSIS) and fuzzy inference system (FIS) for prioritizing the pre-determined sectors with respect to CO2 emission reduction based on the climate change indicators. The SF-TOPSIS technique is used to obtain input data of the FIS by considering the distance to ideal solutions of the evaluated sectors for Turkey. Through the application, it is obtained that Transport, Energy, and Industry sectors are determined as the most effective against the CO2 reduction based on the current ecosystem of Turkey. Since Turkey is a developing country and one of the G20 countries, its current focus areas are mainly increasing productivity considering high-level technologies, the supplement of inadequate and sufficient energy for both the industry and the householders, and investments in infrastructure for a better and faster transformation. Considering these aspects, the country’s primary investments areas are on industry, energy, and transportation to reach a better place considering the annual gross domestic product. Therefore, the obtained results are quite applicable and meaningful, and this study can be a good starting point for further actions.
This study was focused on anaerobic treatment of textile wastewater.In this research, treatability of concentrate from nanofiltration of textile wastewater.Results indicated that membrane concentrate could be effectively treated with bacterial treatment.Moreover it can be said that both fermantors were approximately the same in terms of removal efficiencies.According to the experiment of results chemical oxygen demand (COD) and and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD 5 ) removal efficiency were around 65% and 80%, respectively.Methane and cumulative biogas production almost the same both for ozonated and non ozonated concentrate.
An overview is presented of a multi-year research effort on developing high-rate fluidized-bed bioprocesses for ferric sulfate production to be used as a unit process in various hydrometallurgical applications including indirect tank leaching of ore concentrates, regeneration of heap leach liquors and control of iron containing acidic mine wastewater. Iron oxidation rates of over 26 kg m-3 h-1 were achieved at hydraulic retention times of less than 1 h at 37 °C. Oxygen supply became the rate-limiting factor even with 99.5% dioxygen aeration. Fe2+ oxidation proceeded at pH below 1 even in the presence of 60 g Fe3+ L-1 allowing the regeneration of concentrated ferric sulphate solutions required in indirect tank leaching of sulfidic ore concentrate applications. Of several tested FBR carrier materials activated carbon was the most suitable based on its availability, long-term durability and the achieved high iron oxidation rates. Jarosite precipitates accumulating to the top of the inert carrier materials played an important role in the FBR biomass retainment. For regeneration of synthetic and actual sulfidic ore heap leaching liquors, a gravity settler was installed in the recycle line of the FBR. The system produced iron precipitates with good settling characteristics and settling tank effluent with low turbidity and suspended solids concentrations. These results revealed the potential of FBR process in both heap leach liquor regeneration and controlling the iron containing waste streams. The PCR-DGGE-partial seguencing of the 16S rRNA gene protocol revealed that the FBR culture at 25-37 °C remained dominated by Leptospirillum ferriphilum over a range of operational conditions studied over the years. A modeling approach for managing Fe3+ production by FBR in combination with heap leaching was based on an artificial neural network-back propagation algorithm (ANN-HEAP) and resulted in excellent match between the measured and the predicted concentrations. High-rate fluidized-bed iron oxidation is amenable to regeneration of tank and heap leaching solutions as well as controlling iron containing waste streams.
The alternative methods should be used to treat sewage sludge and municipal solid wastes which are mostly landfilled in Turkey. Therefore co-composting of these waste streams is a suitable disposal method yielding a useful product. The aim of this study was to investigate the microbial community during the field scale co-composting of sewage sludge and organic municipal solid wastes with addition of bulking agents. Aerated static pile of approximately 26 m3 was used for composting process during 56 days. Investigations of diversity dynamics depending on the temperature were determined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and sequencing of bacterial 16SrDNA-PCR products. The variations of physicochemical parameters and biodegradability during the process were also monitored. The results showed that most of microbial group's role in composting process was temperature dependent and composting was designated by its characteristic thermal profile.
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