This paper describes the use of elements in regression analysis (Newton and Spurrell, 1967) to clarify the problems which arose in two industrial studies. The use of elements contributed significantly to a better understanding of the processes under investigation.
ABSTRACTSS Non‐destructive analyses are reported of a twelfth century stained glass panel from York Minster. The main conclusion from the results is that the observed differences in severity of corrosion between various glasses may be explained by variations in the proportions of potassium and calcium.
The composition, sizes and shapes of particles in the clouds of Venus have previously been studied with a variety of in situ and remote sensor measurements. A number of major questions remain unresolved, however, motivating the development of an exploratory mission that will drop a small probe, instrumented with a single-particle autofluorescence nephelometer (AFN), into Venus’s atmosphere. The AFN is specifically designed to address uncertainties associated with the asphericity and complex refractive indices of cloud particles. The AFN projects a collimated, focused, linearly polarized, 440 nm wavelength laser beam through a window of the capsule into the airstream and measures the polarized components of some of the light that is scattered by individual particles that pass through the laser beam. The AFN also measures fluorescence from those particles that contain material that fluoresce when excited at a wavelength of 440 nm and emit at 470–520 nm. Fluorescence is expected from some organic molecules if present in the particles. AFN measurements during probe passage through the Venus clouds are intended to provide constraints on particle number concentration, size, shape, and composition. Hypothesized organics, if present in Venus aerosols, may be detected by the AFN as a precursor to precise identification via future missions. The AFN has been chosen as the primary science instrument for the upcoming Rocket Lab mission to Venus, to search for organic molecules in the cloud particles and constrain the particle composition.
Abstract The results reported here entirely confirm those of Lambourn, who found that marked deterioration occurred with all the types of abrasive wheel which he used. In the present investigation on a bonded wheel, it was concluded that the wheel was appreciably less abrasive after each period of. 50 hours' wear, while Lambourn concluded that one side of a wheel can be used for a period of two months when subjected to 40 hours of wear per week. Lambourn also concluded that the deterioration is caused by smoothing or disintegration of the abrasive particles and not by clogging with rubber dust, and points out that variation in abrasive wear can be compensated by daily tests on samples of a standard compound. He also states that a grain coarser than 24 should not be used, since the abrasion is too rapid. Since the standard emery papers vary among themselves, and the bonded abrasive wheel deteriorates when it is used, it is evident that attention should be paid to the statistical planning of these tests, so that these factors can be reduced or eliminated. The coefficient of variation of a test result, i.e., the mean of three 10-minute runs, each on duplicate specimens, (six individual readings) as normally measured, seems to be independent of the type of abrasive employed (emery papers or bonded disc) and the uncertainty of the result is about ±5 per cent when measured on the basis of volume loss per hour and about ±3.5 per cent when determined as the volume loss/H.P.-hr. Test results will therefore be required to differ by about 7 and about 5 per cent, respectively, for a significant difference to be demonstrated.
Includes a complete chemical examination of the causes of the deterioration of glass, discusses the possibilities of damage by conservation techniques that have not been fully tested, and provides the theoretical background and the practical procedures used in conserving different kinds of glass. Contents: introduction; the nature of glass; historical development of glass; technology of glass production: methods and materials; furnaces and melting techniques; deterioration of glass; materials used for glass conservation; technical examination of glass; conservation of glass; archaeological and decorative glass, painted window glass; sources of information. -- AATA
AbstractAbstractA study was made of 21 renaissance plasters from Jacobean halls within a radius of 60km around Sheffield (England). The compositions of the plasters fell into two groups. Those prepared from carboniferous limestone contained calcium carbonate, quartz and animal hair but no free calcium hydroxide, despite claims in the literature that it might be found. The plasters which had been prepared from dolomitic limestone contained, in addition, magnesium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide.
(1980). A study of conditions in five ventilated double windows in cathedrals. Studies in Conservation: Vol. 25, Preprints of the Contributions to the Vienna Congress, 7-13 September 1980. Conservation within Historic Buildings, pp. 89-92.
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