Abstract Background Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide. Tumor suppressor long noncoding RNA on chromosome 8p12 (TSLNC8) is a newly identified long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) and play an important role in human cancers. However, the function and molecular mechanism of TSLNC8 in PC progression remains to be elucidated. Methods qRT-PCR was performed to examine the expression pattern of TSLNC8 in PC tissues and cell lines. Overexpression and knockdown experiments were conducted to detect the function of TSLNC8 in PC. The interaction between TSLNC8 and HuR was tested by RNA immunoprecipitation assay. Results Our results showed a significant increase of TSLNC8 expression in PC tissues and cell lines. Upregulation of TSLNC8 expression in PC tissues was closely correlated with TNM stage, distant and lymph node metastasis, and poor prognosis of PC patients. Functional experiments demonstrated that TSLNC8 promoted PC cells proliferation and invasion in vitro, and enhanced PC growth and metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, TSLNC8 associated with HuR, promoted the binding of HuR with CTNNB1 mRNA and increased the stability of CTNNB1 mRNA, thus activating WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway. Conclusion Our present study revealed that oncogenic lncRNA TSLNC8 positively regulate PC growth and metastasis via HuR-mediated mRNA stability of CTNNB1, extending the understanding of PC pathogenesis regulated by lncRNAs.
Objective To explore the effect and safety of combination of hemihepatectomy and hepatic artery resection for Bismuth Ⅲ,Ⅳ hilar cholangiocarcinoma.Methods A retrospective analysis was made on 43 cases operated from May 2003 to June 2012,including right hemihepatectomy in 12 cases,lefi liver resection in 28 cases,left trisegmentectomy in 3 cases,combined caudate lobe resection in 19 cases,all were with proper hepatic arterectomy,in those cases portal vein resection and reconstruction was carried out in 5 cases,hepatic artery reconstruction in 2 cases.Preoperative PTCD was performed in 5 cases in whom age ＞ 70 and bilirubin ＞ 300 μmol/L.Results Radical resection rate was 58.1％(25/43),5 cases were well-differentiated adenocarcinoma,13 cases of moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma,poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma in 18 cases,papillary carcinoma in 2 cases,mucous adenocarcinoma in 4 cases,sclerosing adenocarcinoma in 1 case,the incidence of postoperative complications was 39.5％ (17/43) including hepatic abscess (3 cases),biliary fistula (4 cases),hepatic insufficiency and massive ascites in 4 cases,portal vein stenosis after reconstruction in 2 cases,hepatic artery obliteration after reconstruction in 1 case,gastric paralysis in 3 cases.There was no inhospital death.1,3,5 year survival rates were 93.0％ (40/43),39.5％ (17/43),and27.9％ (12/43).Conclusions In Bismuth Ⅲ,Ⅳ hilar cholangiocarcinoma,in whom hepatic artery obliteration is common,hepatic arterectomy is safe and feasible,however,concurrent hepatic artery reconstruction is mandatory in those with the reconstruction of the portal vein.
Key words:
Bile duct neoplasms ; Hepatectomy ; Hepatic artery ; Vascular resection
This paper is a specie account for Black-necked Cranes (Grus nigricollis) in the IUCN global crane conservation action plan. The paper reviewed distribution and status (population, breeding and wintering) of Black-necked Crane, its ecology, population trends (the global population of this species is estimated as 10,000-10,200); analyzed main threats facing this species; and summarized major efforts in conservation and research for this species. Based on the results and practices over the past three decades, we recommended not down-list this species. We proposed priority actions in research, monitoring and conservation, in dealing with major threats for this species.
Commonly used local anesthetics (eg, lidocaine) are nonselective in blocking sodium channel subtypes, potentially resulting in adverse events, such as prolonged muscle paralysis and unstable hemodynamics. Subtype-selective sodium channel block might avoid these unwanted adverse effects while preserving desirable anesthetic effects. The contributions of sodium channel subtypes in different components of regional anesthesia are unclear and this study assumed that selective sodium channel subtype block might produce selective nerve block.
Methods
Sciatic nerve block was performed in mice with lidocaine (nonselective sodium channel blocker), tetrodotoxin (TTX, TTX-sensitive sodium channel blocker), and A-803467 (selective Nav1.8 subtype blocker). Tactile sensory, pinprick, and thermal sensory block as well as motor block were evaluated after injection of study drugs. Median effective concentration (EC50) of lidocaine, TTX, and A-803467 as well as their blocking durations were determined.
Results
Lidocaine produced regional anesthetic effects including tactile, pinprick, and thermal sensory block as well as motor block, with EC50 [mean, 95% confidence intervals (CIs)] of 4.4 (3.7–5.2), 9.4 (8.0–10.9), 5.2 (4.3–6.2), and 3.7 (3.3–4.2) mmol/L, respectively. Tetrodotoxin produced tactile sensory block and motor block with EC50 (mean, 95% CIs) of 7.7 (6.0–11.0) and 8.3 (7.4–9.8) μmol/L, respectively; whereas A-803467 produced tactile sensory block only, with EC50 (mean, 95% CIs) of 12.6 (11.7–15.6) μmol/L.
Conclusions
Sodium channel subtype selective blockers could induce selective nerve blocks. Tetrodotoxin-sensitive sodium channel subtypes contribute to low-threshold sensory block (eg, tactile) and motor block. Unexpectedly, selective Nav1.8 subtype block induced low-threshold sensory block rather than nociceptive or motor block.
36 species of plants were detected in the feces of Bar-headed Geese wintering at Cao Hai, Guizhou Province. 28 of them were natural plants and 8 were cultivated plants. Plants of grass family were the main food of Bar-headed Geese, accounting for 65.0% detected in the feces. White Clovers accounted for 16.4%, Sedge family plants accounted 9.7%, crops accounted for 5.6% and the other materials accounted for 3.3%. As the winter progressed, percentages of the 6 main plant species detected in the feces were also changed significantly (P<0.0001, df1=4, df2=72).
Objective To explore the effect of combined treatment of critical deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremity with inferior vena cava filter placement and thrombectomy,treatment of Cockett syndrome and use of anticoagulation and thrombolysis after thrombectomy.Methods We reviewed the clinical data of 9 patients with critical deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremity treated between 1996 to 2009.Eight patients were treated with inferior vena cava filter placement,thrombectomy,treatment of Cockett syndrome,and anticoagulation and thrombolysis after thrombectomy.Seven patients with critical deep vein thrombosis of the left lower extremity were found to have Cockett syndrome(2 patients were treated).One patient with critical deep vein thrombosis of the left lower extremity was treated with thrombolysis.Results There were no cases of pulmonary embolism in these patients.Of the 8 patients with thrombectomy,1 patient with critical deep vein thrombosis of the left lower extremity developed gangrene of lower extremity and underwent amputation of the limb.The other lower extremities of 7 patients were salvaged,and the results were satisfactory.One patient died who was treated with thrombolysis.At 1 month after operation,color doppler ultrasound was performed on 5 patient whose Cockett syndrom was not treated,and showed that 2 patients had recurrence of deep vein thrombosis,but none of the 2 patients had recurrence of phlegmasia cerulea dolens.Conclusions The combined treatment of critical deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremity with inferior vena cava filter placement,thrombectomy,treatment of Cockett syndrome and anticoagulation,and thrombolysis after thrombectomy is effective.Cockett syndrome is an important cause for the relapse of deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremity after thrombectomy.
Objective: Myoclonus was considered as one conundrum in etomidate induction, which led to multiple risks during clinical anesthesia. The present study was conducted to compare the efficacy of pretreatment with remifentanil to different pharmacological approaches on reducing etomidate-induced myoclonus. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure from the inception to October 2018. Randomized controlled trials comparing remifentanil versus other pharmacological approaches in reducing etomidate-induced myoclonus were eligible to be analyzed. Results: Overall, 13 trials with 1,392 patients met with the inclusion criteria. 1) Pretreatment with remifentanil could reduce the incidence of etomidate-induced myoclonus compared to placebo and fentanyl; few differences were found between the use of remifentanil and the use of midazolam: (incidence of myoclonus: 5.56% with remifentanil vs 71.65% with saline, RR=0.08, with 95% CI [0.05, 0.12], P<0.0001; 3.80% with remifentanil vs 13.33% with fentanyl, RR with 95% 0.31 [0.11, 0.86], P=0.02; 46.00% with remifentanil vs 55.45% with midazolam, RR=0.82, with 95% CI [0.64, 1.06], P=0.13). 2) Compared with placebo, pretreatment with remifentanil could reduce the incidence of mild, moderate, and severe myoclonus; compared with midazolam, patients receiving remifentanil experienced lower occurrence of severe myoclonus; compared with fentanyl, pretreatment with remifentanil associated with significant low occurrence of moderate and severe myoclonus. 3) The outcomes also indicated that pretreatment with remifentanil could prevent excessive hemodynamic changes after endotracheal intubation compared to fentanyl. Conclusions: Pretreatment with remifentanil could be considered as one operative option to reduce both incidence and severity of etomidate-induced myoclonus. Compared with fentanyl, it also provides efficacy in preventing excessive hemodynamic changes after endotracheal intubation. However, the best treatment and the proper prophylactic dosage calls for more high quality evidence with large sample size.
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