Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) material is generally under a large amount of aged asphalt coated on the surface of the aggregates, which often limits its (RAP) wide application. Bioasphalt is a renewable material with constituent components that are comparable to regular petroleum asphalt and has the potential to rejuvenate the performance of the aged asphalt in RAP materials. In this laboratory study, the optimum bioasphalt dosage for rejuvenating and optimizing warm‐mix rejuvenated bioasphalt (WBA) performance, in the presence of styrene‐butadiene‐styrene (SBS) and naphthenic oil additives, was investigated. The laboratory test results of the single‐factor and orthogonal experiment indicated that the optimal dosage of bioasphalt in WBA was 30% at 4% SBS and 10% naphthenic oil, respectively. The test results further indicated that the WBA’s ductility properties were highly responsive to the bioasphalt dosage. Naphthenic oil, on the other hand, had the greatest impact on the WBA fluidity. Likewise, the Brookfield viscosity experimentation showed that the fluidity of WBA and aged asphalt with different contents at 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70%, respectively, satisfactorily met the Chinese construction requirements. The adhesion test indicated excellent adhesion and good moisture stability properties for WBA. The resultant PG grades of WBA blended with 40% and 70% aged asphalt were PG 64‐34 and PG 70‐22, respectively. Microstructure and surface morphology analysis showed carbonyl absorption peaks with high rejuvenation and surface‐crack repair potential for the WBA over the control asphalt that was evaluated in the study.
A software design for the servo system of two siderostats in the prototype of a stellarinterferometer has been described in this paper. In the writer's another paper[2], the servosystem was introduced and its functions were demonstrated. The software is written in theEPR0M of an 8098 chip, which includes the communication routine between 8098 and themain computer. The routines are for positioning and tracking. The block diagrams of theroutines as well as the conventional instruction codes for common use in the whole software of the interferometer are listed in this paper.
An accurate estimation of flux linkage characteristics is very important during the preliminary design stage and high-performance control of linear switched reluctance motor (LSRM). In this paper, longitudinal and transversal end-effects of a double-side LSRM are studied using analytical method and finite element analysis (FEA). The estimation discrepancy introduced by both end-effects is presented respectively by investigating their sensitivities to machine parameters, such as excitation level, translator position, and stack length.
Through numerical calculations, it could be found that when the blade surface quality reaches a certain level, the surface quality of the blade was continuously improved, and the guarantee effect on its performance would be weakened. Under this circumstance, continuing to improve the surface quality of the blade had no positive effect on the performance of the blade. Studies had shown that when the blade surface equivalent grit roughness K s reaches 4.96 (about R a = 0.8 µm), the blade performance was close to the smooth surface of the blade, and no further processing was required to improve the surface roughness. When the surface equivalent grit K s was greater than 4.96 µm, the surface roughness had a great influence on the blade performance. When K s was larger than 40 µm, the negative effect is significantly increased. For the different characteristics of the blade and different processing conditions, four kinds of robot-based blade surface grinding schemes were proposed, of which the core content was the robot layout. Based on the robot group’s fitting to the spatial surface and the path planning, the experimental verification was carried out.
Nano-positioning systems as the key technology have been applied in many fields such as microelectronic engineering, biomedical engineering, optics and precision engineering, etc., where it is required to possess high positioning accuracy, reliability and speed. In this paper, a switched PID controller based fast approaching control method was proposed for the nano-positioning systems. In order to improve the approaching speed of the nano-positioning system without a large overshoot, a switched controller consisting of a fast and a slow PID controller was formulated. The overshoot constraint of the resulting switched closed-loop system is investigated within a set of bilinear matrix inequalities, based on which the search of the controller parameters can be further processed. The proposed control method was evaluated in a nano-positioning experimental system driven by a PZT actuator and the experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness of the switched PID controller for the fast approaching operation.
A coupled actuator-flap-circuit system model and its online identification are presented. The coupled system consists of a piezoelectric tube actuator, a trailing-edge flap, and a series R-L-C circuit. The properties of the coupled system are examined using a Mach-scaled rotor simulation on hovering state. According to the high nonlinear hysteretic characteristics of the coupled system, the generalized dynamic fuzzy neural networks (GD-FNN) implementing Takagi-Sugeno-Kang (TSK) fuzzy systems based on extended ellipsoidal radial basis function (EBF) neural network is used to identify the coupled system. The structures and parameters are adaptive adjusted during the learning process, and don’t need too much expert experiences. Simulation studies show that the piezoelectric tube actuator has high authority with a broad frequency bandwidth, satisfies the requirements for helicopter vibration reduction; GD-FNN has a high learning speed, the final networks have a parsimonious network structure and generalize well, possessing broad application prospects in the helicopter vibration reduction.
This paper analyses that impair corporation supervisory mechanism to move main causes, thinks that exercise of surplus control authority has affected the selection of component structure of supervisory office,the supervisor must own surplus control authority,this supervision can encourage people.The key content of right of supervision is to supervise people,the supervisory key project is to supervise the manager's illegal criminal activities.The law ought to distribute rationally supervisors,pay great attention to the supervisors and reduce costs of supervision. [
This paper presents an experimental direct driving system with in-wheel switched reluctance motor (SRM) for electrical vehicle (EV). The integrated EV direct driving system includes three main parts: the SRM model, driving circuit and control unit. The proposed 8/6 SRM is a novel motor with high performance; the specified external rotor type fits the requirement of in-wheel EV for saving space. The driving module consists of four independent drivers, is controlled by the micro-controller, DSP. The detailed hardware installment is presented to realize the EV direct driving system, with the block diagram to show the design of the driving system. Control flow of the specified system is introduced to describe the control procedure; various control methods are proposed and studied to verify the performance of SRM and the driving system. Speed control and constant torque/constant power control are implemented with PI control and hysteresis loop control, to test the speed response and reliability of the direct driving system. An experimental direct driving system is developed; the experimental results are obtained to verify the performances of the EV driving system.
During an observation with a stellar interferometer, the siderostats must be driven continuously. precisely and smoothly to point at a certain star and to track the motion of the star across the sky due to the rotation of the earth. In this paper, the servo system for the siderostats is described. The two shafts of each Alt-Azi mounted siderostats are controlled by two single chip computers, 8098, separately.Through the standard serial interface, RS232. information is transferred between each 8098 and the main computer.According to the instruction codes transmitted from the main computer, an 8098 must do the following jobs:(1)siderostat's positioning;(2)siderostat's tracking;(3)the initialization of an 8098 itself;(4)testing the servo system;(5) forthwith running based on the instantaneous address sent by the main computer; (6) Sending the data from the RAM of the 8098 to the main computer; (7)sending the program from the RAM and ROM of the 8098 to the main computer for being updated.The azimuth and elevation shafts are each driven by a stepping motor (with each step electronically divided into 400 microsteps) via 1000: 1 gearbox in order to obtain one microstep corresponding to 0. 006 48″, which makes the moving of the siderostats as smooth as possible. By means of changing speed increasingly or decreasingly, the siderostats can be smoothly driven and positioned. Four different speeds, high, medium, low and slow are used for positioning.To ensure the precise positioning and tracking, an optical encoder and a digital displayer with the precision of 1″are installed on each shaft.The 8098 compares the alculated data and the readings on the digital displayer and determines the proper speed for driving the shaft so as to make the siderostat smoothly stop at the precise position. The single chip computer translates the selected tracking speed into a time constant and sends it to a counter with 16 bits.The required tracking pulses as well as the tracking direction are thus obtained. Alter a certain time period, the time constant should be adjusted according to the checked difference between the calculated data and the readings of the digital displayer in order to reduce the accumulated errors caused by the time constant.The software for positioning and tracking is whiten into a EPROM.
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