Fourth-stage larvae and adults of Ancylostoma ceylanicum (dog strain) produced patent infections, with fertile ova, in hamsters to which they had been given in a drench. Similarly, 36-day-old (immature adult) Necator americanus given in a drench to hamsters also produced patent infections with fertile ova. The epidemiological significance of these experiments is discussed.
Indian ayurvedic system is one of the noteworthy systems of traditional medicine practice that uses mainly certain plants for the treatments of ailments in both man and other animals. The increasing prevalence of multidrug resistant strains of bacteria and the recent emergence off strains with reduced susceptibility to antibiotics raises the specter of untreatable bacterial infections and adds urgency to the search for new infectionfighting strategies (Sieradzki et al 1999). Contrary to the synthetic drugs, antimicrobial substances of plant origin are not associated with many side effects and have an enormous therapeutic potential to heal many infectious disease (Iwu et al 1999).
Nanotechnology is an active area of research these days. Nanotechnology deals with the use of low energy and resources, small amount of nanomaterials are more effective as compared to large material in bulk amount. Nanotechnology is a combination of several fields like physics, chemistry, mathematics, material science, computer science, bio-instrumentation, environmental science, pharmacy, etc. These properties of nanoparticles make them more suitable to use in various biomedical and clinical applications such as drug delivery, tissue engineering, probing of DNA structure and antimicrobial agents.
563 Background: Approximately one-half of HER2-positive breast cancer patients will respond to first-line trastuzumab-containing therapy. However, in those patients with an initial trastuzumab response, most will progress within a year with acquired resistance. Since trastuzumab treatment is also now used in the HER2-positive adjuvant breast cancer setting, trastuzumab resistance will continue to be a recurring clinical problem, and better predictive and prognostic biomarkers are urgently needed. Methods: Serum HER2, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), CA IX, and endoglin were measured using ELISA assays in 81 metastatic breast cancer patients before starting first-line trastuzumab-containing therapy. The HER2, TIMP-1, and CA IX ELISAs were from WILEX Inc./Oncogene Science, Cambridge, MA; and the endoglin ELISA was from R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox modeling with continuous pretreatment serum biomarker variables. Results: Pretreatment serum HER2 (p= 0.007), TIMP-1 (p< 0.0001), endoglin (p= 0.02), and CA IX (p <0.0001) were all significant as univariate continuous biomarkers for predicting PFS to first-line trastuzumab-containing therapy. In multivariate analysis for PFS with all biomarkers, only serum CA IX (p= 0.001) was a significant independent covariate. For OS, pretreatment serum HER2 (p= 0.007), TIMP-1 (p<0.0001), endoglin (0.014), and CA IX (p<0.0001) were all significant as univariate continuous biomarkers for prognosis. In multivariate analysis for OS with all biomarkers, serum CA IX (p<0.0001), TIMP-1 (p=0.026), and endoglin (0.045) were significant prognostic covariates (p=0.001). Conclusions: Elevated pretreatment serum CA IX (a marker of hypoxia) predicts reduced progression-free survival and overall survival in metastatic breast cancer patients treated with first-line trastuzumab-containing therapy. These serum biomarkers deserve further study in larger trials of HER2-targeted breast cancer treatment. Supported by grants from Komen for the Cure, and the PA Breast Cancer Coalition.
Objective: Green synthesis of nanoparticles has been used as an alternative, efficient, less expensive, and ecofriendly method. Ancient approaches employed for nanoparticle fabrication were chemical and physical methods having various disadvantages as they are costly and potentially harmful to the environment, use of harsh chemicals and stringent protocol for synthesizing nanoparticles. The present study is focused on the synthesis of silver nanoparticles by bio-availed as well as chemical route and evaluation of their wound healing potential in Wistar rat model.Methods: Extraction of Syzygium cumini was done and was used for silver nanoparticle synthesis. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy, which confirms the availability of nanosilver particles with marginally spherical morphology. The particles were then carried forward for treating impaired diabetic wounds in Wistar rat models. Regular photography was done and wound healing parameters were monitored throughout the study along with analyzing other parameters such as biochemical, hematological, and histological parameters.Results: The study showed that the sizes of the synthesized nanoparticles are below 100 nm. The results obtained from in vivo studies showed efficient wound healing potential of silver nanoparticles as compared to pre-existing drug povidone-iodine, i.e., the percentage reduction in wound area after therapy is 96.09% in case of biosynthesized silver nanoparticle-treated group, 97.7% reduction in chemically synthesized silver nanoparticle-treated group, 64.28% reduction in case of pre-existing drug povidone-iodine-treated group, 37.5% reduction in case of diabetic control group (diabetic), and 97.5% reduction in normal control group (non-diabetic). Results showed that biosynthesized silver nanoparticles showed less toxicity with respect to liver and kidney functions. Skin histology results showed increased sign of wound healing in biosynthesized silver nanoparticles. Hematology results showed no such variation.Conclusion: The study will help to synthesize new economically viable potential biosynthesized nanoparticles along with providing the approach to develop the medication at nanoscale level.
A comparative study was designed to find out the cause of recurrent anemia in Himachal Pradesh females. 138 blood samples were collected from several area of Himachal pradesh, The study has been divided into four groups, C-1 (30 Healthy Control, age 0-14 years), C-2 (37 Healthy control, age 15-45 years), T-1(32 Subjects, age 0-14 years), T-2 (39 subjects, age 15-45 years) . In all study groups Hemoglobin, Vitamin B12, Folic acid, Homocysteine and 5-methyl THF were analyzed. A significant decrease in Vitamin B12 and folate levels in both the test groups as compared to control groups was observed whereas a significant increase in the level of Homocysteine and 5-MTHF (5 methy tetrahydrofolate) was observed in both the test groups as compared to control groups. It is concluded that folic acid affects the anemia symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency. Vitamin B12 deficiency may be one of the prominent reason for recurrent anemia in Himachal Pradesh females.
622 Background: Approximately one-half of HER2-positive breast cancer patients will respond tofirst-line trastuzumab-containing therapy. However, in those patients with an initial trastuzumab response, most will progress within a year with acquired resistance. Since trastuzumab treatment is also now used in the HER2-positive adjuvant breast cancer setting, trastuzumab resistance will continue to be a recurring clinical problem, and better predictive and prognostic biomarkers are urgently needed. Methods: Seven serum biomarkers (carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9), endoglin, HER2, IGF-1R, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), and VEGF-A (isoform 165) were measured using ELISA assays in 81 metastatic breast cancer patients before starting first-line trastuzumab-containing therapy. The endoglin and IGF-IR ELISAs were from R&D Systems; others were from WILEX/Oncogene Science, Cambridge, MA. PFS and OS were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox modeling with continuous pretreatment serum biomarker variables. Results: For univariate PFS analysis, higher pretreatment serum biomarkers (except IGF-1R and VEGF-A) predicted reduced PFS (p<0.05) to first-line trastuzumab-containing therapy. In multivariate PFS analysis, only serum CA9 (p= 0.038) remained a significant independent covariate. In univariate OS analysis, higher pretreatment serum biomarkers (except IGF-1R and VEGF-A) were prognostic for reduced OS (p<0.05). In multivariate analysis for OS, TIMP-1 (p=0.001) and CA9 (p=0.04) remained significant independent prognostic factors, as well as line of chemotherapy (3 vs. 2 or 1 line)(p=0.005), and hormone receptor status (ER and/or PR positive vs. negative)(p=0.013). Conclusions: Higher pretreatment serum CA9 (a marker of hypoxia) predicted reduced PFS, and higher serum CA9 and TIMP-1 predicted reduced OS in metastatic breast cancer patients treated with first-line trastuzumab-containing therapy. These serum biomarkers deserve further study in larger trials of HER2-targeted breast cancer treatment. Supported by a grant from Komen for the Cure.
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