Between 1995 and 2000, the incidence of confirmed serogroup C invasive meningococcal infection (IMIC) in France, adjusted for undernotification, increased from 0.14 to 0.24 cases per 100 000 inhabitants. In 2001, the rate reached 0.40/100 000, which was attributable to an increase in the incidence of all invasive meningococcal infections (IMI), and also to the fact that the proportion of IMIC increased from 23% to 35% of all IMI(1).
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has entered an uncertain race between the emergence of variants that are more transmissible and vaccine roll-out. Here, we developed a mathematical model to evaluate how the interplay of variants, vaccines and non-pharmaceutical interventions might shape the pandemic dynamics, using the rise of the B.1.1.7 variant in metropolitan France as a case study. Our analysis highlights the challenges ahead for the management of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and shows how the quick roll-out of vaccines to at-risk individuals and non-pharmaceutical interventions are needed to mitigate the impact of the emerging variants.
We present 10 years of results from a paediatrician hospital network surveillance in France, set up in 1996 to monitor the trend of pertussis (whooping cough) in children and the impact of the vaccination strategies. Microbiologists from 43 hospitals that participate in the network on a voluntary basis notify pertussis diagnosis, and paediatricians complete a questionnaire for the infants under 6 months that fulfil the microbiological, clinical or epidemiological case definition. The network covers about 30% of pertussis cases seen in French hospitals.
Summary Objectives To assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of routine childhood vaccination by new vaccines against rotavirus in France. Methods We constructed a Markov decision tree to compare two alternatives: “no vaccination” and “vaccination”. A hypothetical birth cohort of 750,000 children was followed until 3 years of age. First, the disease burden without vaccine was estimated using data from French databases and medical literature. Incidence rates in unvaccinated children were modelled as a function of age and seasons. Next, using data from the medical literature, the vaccine's protective effect on rotavirus diarrhoea was considered. Results A routine universal rotavirus immunization programme was estimated capable of annually avoiding 89,000 cases of diarrhoea, 10,500 hospitalizations, and 8 deaths. At a vaccination cost of €150/course, assuming 75% vaccine coverage, the programme would cost €95 million and involve a net loss of €68 million to the health care system. The vaccination programme would cost €298,000/year of life saved, and €138,000/QALY saved. Key variables affecting the results were disease incidence, mortality rates and vaccine price. Conclusion In France, childhood rotavirus vaccination with new antirotavirus vaccines would reduce the morbidity burden of rotavirus infection, but would not be cost-effective unless the price of vaccine decreased considerably.
