During presidential campaigns, the media plays an important role by providing background information on candidates to the general public. However, the media can be biased in favor of a specic candidate. This paper aims to investigates the source of media bias by estimating the eect of electoral competition on news coverage. If media bias is generated to cater to the major preferences in the media market, we should see more news coverage of the Republican candidate in markets where the majority of viewers is Republican. However, if the media bias comes from the motivation to impact the outcome of the election, we will see more media bias in media markets where the election is more competitive. In this paper, a simple model is constructed to explain how electoral competition aects media bias under the motivation to impact the election outcome. In the empirical analysis, media bias is measured by the relative length of presidential candidates’ sound bites in local TV news stories prior to the 2000 presidential election. The data shows that media bias is greater in media markets where the election is more competitive, which implies that media bias comes primarily from the desire to aect the election outcome.
In recent years, many Taiwanese fishing ports have been transformed into recreational fishing ports. The main purpose of this study is to explore how BiSha Fishing Port residents perceive the effects of tourism. In addition, we examine how perceived economic dependence, community attachment, community involvement, and the role of the local government affect perceived tourism impacts and how perceived tourism impacts influence attitudes toward tourism development. A questionnaire was distributed to BiSha Fishing Port residents, and a total of 359 valid questionnaires were analyzed using descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, and regression analysis. The study results indicate that (1) BiSha Fishing Port residents do not depend heavily on income from tourism, but community attachment and community involvement levels are slightly higher, while perceptions toward the role of local government are slightly positive. (2) Apart from non-significant economic dependence, residents display a significant effect on perceived community attachment, community involvement, and local government's role in perceived tourism impacts. (3) The BiSha Fishing Port residents show a significant effect on attitudes toward tourism development because of tourism. Practical and theoretical suggestions are then proposed in the conclusion.
This paper investigates the relationship between media bias and the influence of the media on voting in the context of newspaper endorsements. We first develop a simple econometric model in which voters choose candidates under uncertainty and rely on endorsements from better informed sources. Newspa pers are potentially biased in favour of one of the candidates and voters thus rationally account for the credibility of any endorsements. Our primary empirical finding is that endorsements are influential in the sense that voters are more likely to support the recommended candidate after publication of the endorse ment. The degree of this influence, however, depends upon the credibility of the endorsement. In this way, endorsements for the Democratic candidate from left-leaning newspapers are less influential than are endorsements from neutral or right-leaning newspapers and likewise for endorsements for the Repub lican. We also find that endorsements are more influential among moderate voters and those more likely to be exposed to the endorsement. In sum, these findings suggest that voters do rely on the media for information during campaigns but that the extent of this reliance depends upon the degree and direction of any bias.
A capsule hotel is a new affordable type of hotel that attracts backpackers and young tourists. This study proposes a research model to verify the influences of perceived price, service convenience, and social servicescape on functional and experiential values, and then on repurchase intention and electronic Word-of-Mouth (eWOM). Research results show that tourists' perceived price and service convenience affect functional value. Service convenience and social servicescape influence experiential value. Functional value and experiential value encourage guests to repurchase capsule hotels and share positive eWOM. This study aims to inspire research interest in capsule hotels and to provide practical implications for hotel operators.
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