A laser control module complying with the integrable tunable laser assembly (ITLA) standards has been developed. A DFB laser array that covers either the C- or L-band in wavelength is incorporated in this module, enabling precise wavelength control by using a wavelength locker integrated with the laser. Also, by controlling each the SOA, DFB laser and two independent TECs, the optical output intensity and wavelength can be tuned. Moreover, dithering functions have been implemented including FM for SBS suppression and AM for signal discrimination. In this paper, the configuration of this module is described and main characteristics including wavelength stability are presented. ABSTRACT
We describe narrow linewidth tunable lasers for digital coherent system. To realize high transmission capacity, and wider deployment to metro and data center network, packaging technology for small footprint, and μ-Integrable Tunable Laser Assembly (μ-ITLA) characteristics with DFB/DR laser array based tunable laser were reported. We realized the highly reliable packaging technique by applying an adhesive bonding technique, high performance fl exible grid μ-ITLA with less than 300kHz linewidth.
We describe μ-ITLA characteristics with DFB/DR laser array based narrow linewidth tunable laser. We also introduce ITXA of a co-packaged DFB array based laser and InP-based modulator for metro digital coherent application.
Abstract Antimicrobial activity is tested when developing disinfectants, pharmaceutical products, cosmetics, and many other consumer products. However, the plate count method, the conventional way to count the number of microorganisms, needs several days of culture. Consequently, a means of rapid microbial detection is strongly desired to replace this method. We have already developed a rapid and sensitive microbial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) detection system utilizing ATP bioluminescence, which can quantify microbial ATP within 1 h. To apply this technique to antibacterial activity tests, the ATP method should be proved equal or superior to the conventional method. In this study, we conducted disinfectant activity tests comparing the ATP method and the plate count method, using polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) in different concentrations (0–10 ppm) as a model disinfectant against Staphylococcus aureus and Aspergillus brasiliensis . We found that the log reduction of intracellular ATP had a positive correlation with the log reduction of the plate count. Moreover, the ATP method was able to distinguish different conditions of injured microbial cells that were observed using scanning electron microscopy, whereas colony counting detects only culturable cells. The ATP method is thus a rapid and useful alternative to the conventional method in the field of antimicrobial activity testing.
'%3e%3cpath fill='%23012169' d='M0 0v30h60V0z'/%3e%3cpath stroke='%23fff' stroke-width='6' d='m0 0 60 30m0-30L0 30'/%3e%3cpath stroke='%23C8102E' stroke-width='4' d='m0 0 60 30m0-30L0 30' clip-path='url(%23b)'/%3e%3cpath stroke='%23fff' stroke-width='10' d='M30 0v30M0 15h60'/%3e%3cpath stroke='%23C8102E' stroke-width='6' d='M30 0v30M0 15h60'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/svg%3e)
