Human intention recognition in human-robot interaction (HRI) has been a papular topic. This paper presents a human-intention recognition framework using Markov decision processes (MDPs). The framework is composed of the object and motion layers. The object and motion layers obtain the object information and human hand gestures, respectively. The information extracted from the both layers is used to represent the state in the MDPs. To learn human intention to accomplish tasks, a frequency-based reward function in the MDPs is proposed. It assists the MDPs to converge to the policy that corresponds to the frequency of the task that has been performed. In our experiments, four tasks that were trained in different numbers of trial of pouring water and making coffee were used to validate the proposed framework. With the frequency-based reward function, the plausible intentional actions in certain states were distinguishable from the ones using the default reward function.
Abstract Regional nutrients deprivation, which is frequently encountered in many solid tumors due to poor vascularization, induces metabolic rewiring and genetic dysregulation to support the demands of proliferating cancer cells. Numerous chemotherapies exert their S-phase dependent cytotoxicity by producing deleterious effects on DNA to kill proliferating tumor cells. How regional nutrients deprivation affects the response of cancer cells to chemotherapy, especially DNA damaging genotoxicity, and what is the key nutrient dominates these effects is an active area of interest across tumor biology. Of all the amino acids we examined, only arginine is regional deprived in tumor core and indispensable for S-phase progression in multiple breast cancer cells and non-tumorigenic breast epithelial cells. We found that arginine deprivation stalls DNA replication in an mTORC1 inactivation, insufficient metabolites, or the integrated stress response pathway independent manner. We also found that low levels of newly synthesized Histone H4 marks (H4K5ac and H4K12ac), which were reported to be associated with adverse outcomes in various cancers including basal-like and HER2-positive breast cancer, are positively correlated with arginine bioavailability and could serve as surrogate markers of arginine sufficiency. Mechanistically, extracellular arginine is required for the translation of DNA-synthesis-dependent histone H4, but not H3, to promote DNA replication. Knockdown of arginyl-tRNA-transferase, like arginine deprivation, recapitulates the loss of histone H4 lysine 5 and 12 acetylation marks and compromises replication fork speed. Notably, one round of arginine deprivation and addition did not cause an increase in γH2AX, a hallmark of nuclear DNA double-stand breaks. However, multiple rounds of arginine fluctuation promotes the emergence of ATR-Chk1 checkpoint independent-nuclear p53-binding protein 1 bodies in the subsequent G1-phase of daughter cells and induces DNA damage tolerance and resistance to genotoxic agents. Thus, intratumoral variation in the arginine microenvironment synchronizes DNA replication with therapeutic response. Citation Format: Yi-Chang Wang, Andrew A. Kelso, Yi-Hsuan Chen, Chi-An Hsieh, Wei-Kai Chen, Jeremy M. Stark, Hsing-Jien Kung, David K. Ann. Extracellular arginine starvation imposes DNA replication fork stall and permits DNA damage tolerance [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 3722.
This paper presents an identifier based intelligent adaptive fuzzy control scheme with regulating blood glucose concentration in normoglycemic level of 70 mg/dl for type 1 diabetic patients. The identifier is built with fuzzy neural network (FNN) to predict the blood glucose concentration of the di abetic patient. The fuzzy based controller with generic operating regimes which cluster all the adaptive control rules is designed to robustly reject the multiple meal disturbances resulting from food intake and deal with the parametric uncertainties in model and measurement noise. All the parameters of the FNN and of the fuzzy logic system are tuned by backpropagation (BP), to achieve the control objectives. The numerical simulations are performed to show that the set point tracking, meal disturbances and measurement noise rejection can be realized within this method.
Palmitoyl acyltransferases (PATs) have been suggested to be involved in learning and memory. However, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we found that the activity of DHHC2 was upregulated in the hippocampus after fear conditioning, and DHHC2 knockdown impaired fear induced memory and long-term potentiation (LTP). Additionally, the activity of DHHC2 and its synaptic expression were increased after high frequency stimulation (HFS) or glycine treatment. Importantly, fear learning selectively augmented the palmitoylation level of AKAP150, not PSD-95, and this effect was abolished by DHHC2 knockdown. Furthermore, 2-bromopalmitic acid (2-BP), a palmitoylation inhibitor, attenuated the increased palmitoylation level of AKAP150 and the interaction between AKAP150 and PSD-95 induced by HFS. Lastly, DHHC2 knockdown reduced the phosphorylation level of GluA1 at Ser845, and also induced an impairment of LTP in the hippocampus. Our results suggest that DHHC2 plays a critical role in regulating fear memory via AKAP150 signaling.
A double cropping system has been commercially adopted in southern China, where there is abundant sunshine and heat resources. In this viticulture system, the first growing season normally starts as a summer cropping cycle; then, the vine is pruned and forced, resulting in a second crop in winter. Due to climate differences between the summer and winter growing seasons, grape ripening progression and flavonoid metabolism varies greatly. Here, the metabolites and transcriptome of flavonoid pathways were analyzed in grapes grown under two growing seasons at different stages. Notably, the winter cropping cycle strongly increased flavonoid levels by several times in comparison to summer grapes, while the summer season took a major toll on anthocyanin and flavonol accumulation, since the winter cropping greatly triggered the expression of upstream genes in the flavonoid pathway in a coordinated expression pattern. Moreover, the ratio of VviF3'5'Hs (flavonoid 3'5'-hydroxylase) to VviF3'Hs (flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase) transcript levels correlated remarkably well with the ratio of 3'5'-substituted to 3'-substituted flavonoids, which was presumed to control the flux of intermediates into different flavonoid branches. On the other hand, the phenological phase also varied greatly in the two crops. Compared to summer cropping, winter growing season accelerated the duration from budburst to veraison, therefore advancing the onset of ripening, but also prolonging the duration of ripening progression due to the purposes to harvest high quality grapes. The differential expression pattern of hormone-related genes between the two cropping cycles might explain this phenomenon.
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