Electrochemical industries consume approximately 7% of all the electric power produced in the United States, and the production of chlorine and caustic soda by the chlor-alkali industry accounts for roughly 20% of this energy consumption. The most advanced chlor-alkali technology utilizes a cation exchange membrane electrolysis cell to produce chlorine, by-product hydrogen, and 30 wt % NaOH. Prior to commercial sale, the caustic soda is concentrated to 50 wt % by evaporation. The by-product hydrogen is currently used for its thermal value in the caustic concentration process or is sold commercially.
On “Super Tuesday” March 1, 2016, Donald Trump solidified his lead as the GOP frontrunner by seizing 8 of the 12 States that were up for grabs that day. He did so even though he had insulted every fellow Republican who has criticized him, the nation of Mexico, the entirety of the Muslim world and even Pope Francis: the undisputed sovereign of Christianity (albeit very carefully). Trump’s comments were consistently tinged with racism and intolerance; and these veiled epithets garnered the support of such disparate figures as Vladimir Putin and David Duke. Conventional wisdom would dictate that his political aspirations should have been derailed long ago. But his constant vitriol only served to increase his support among a large plurality of the electorate who felt increasingly disenfranchised by the policies of their government both domestically and abroad.
A brief biography of Thomas E. Tremain (1934-1995), a pioneer in the field of digital speech coding, is given highlighting his professional achievements.
Hybrid polymer/metal organic framework (MOF) membranes have been prepared using either a mixed matrix membrane (MMM) or in situ growth (ISG) approach and were evaluated for application in organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN).
A rotating-waveplate optical frequency shifter using lithium niobate (LiNbO 3 ) has been constructed and fully evaluated. The experimental modulator frequency shifts the incoming 6328-Å light by 110 MHz, requires 15 W of drive power, and has an inherent 12-MHz bandwidth. The output beam has high spectral purity with very little power in unwanted sidebands and closely matches the TEM 00 mode of the input beam. An analysis of the effects of electrical and optical maladjustments on modulator performance shows only moderate requirements on optical and electrical alignment. Heating due to the absorbed drive power slightly degrades the modulator in agreement with a temperature analysis of the modulator. An increase in insertion loss due to diffraction of the light by acoustic waves in the LiNbO 3 crystal was observed.
The business of privatized mortgage loan securitization (Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduits or “REMICS”) is so arcane and specialized that few people outside of that realm of investment knowledge understand, or even care to understand how loan securitization functions. However, if the difference between a legitimate REMIC and a Rogue REMIC is adequately explained, one can begin to understand why Rogue REMICs must be exposed as unlawful enterprises whose affiliates are not only able to disregard existing federal securities and tax laws, but are also able to circumvent state and local foreclosure laws at will. These ongoing violations result from the intentional and commonplace shortcutting of the proper mortgage loan securitization processes during the several years preceding the 2008 financial crisis. This Inquiry will not focus primarily on how and why Rogue REMICS violate federal tax and securities laws; although those aspects are part of the discussion by necessity. I will argue that all Rogues lack the perquisite legal standing to prosecute both judicial and non-judicial foreclosures. I will present compelling evidence that, in the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis, foreclosures by Rogues may have exceeded 10% of all foreclosures. I will further argue that county officials may be violating state laws by recording the documents that impart false legal standing to the Rogues. I will conclude with a suggestion to homeowners on how to proceed if a mortgage assignment to a Rogue turns up in the local County public records.
Organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) is suggested as a method for enhancing crystallization in the pharmaceutical industry. OSN crystallization has the potential to reduce energy and/or chemical inputs and allows for control of process conditions and crystal morphology. This work focuses on the crystallization of the pharmaceutical compound griseofulvin using OSN membranes to concentrate solutions via solvent removal. Griseofulvin solutions were concentrated in a pressure-driven dead-end nanofiltration cell, and crystals were allowed to spontaneously nucleate. The process was carried out using a range of different pressures to manipulate the solvent flux through the membrane. It was found that two distinct crystal types could be produced by altering the process solvent flux. At high flux, large crystals (≈1 mm) were produced, whereas, at low flux, small crystals (2–25 μm), which grew in clustered formations, were observed. The large crystals produced a previously unreported X-ray powder diffraction pattern, suggesting a slightly different morphology of griseofulvin than that resulting from traditional crystallization methods. The difference in crystallization morphologies could be attributed to the effect of preferential surface and bulk phase crystal nucleation and growth. The precise control of process conditions afforded by OSN crystallization might lead to rapid discovery of new morphologies of pharmaceutical compounds.
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