Copyright protection is becoming an important issue for organizations that create, use, and distribute digital content through e-commerce channels. As online corruption increases, new technical and business requirements are posed for protecting intellectual property rights such as watermarking, use of metadata, self-protection, and self-authentication. This work is a review of the most important of these methods and analyzes their potential use in digital rights management systems. We focus especially on watermarking and argue that it has a true potential in e-business because it is possible to embed and detect multiple watermarks to a single digital artifact without decreasing its quality. In conjunction with parallel linking of content to metadata, there is true potential for real life copyright-protection systems.Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.
Experimental models for studying transplantation have up to now been unable to isolate reperfusion injury with minimal surgical manipulation and without the interference of graft rejection. Six pigs were subjected to left hilum preparation only (control group), and eight pigs were subjected to left hilum preparation plus in situ cooling ischemia and reperfusion of the lung (experimental group). The hilum was dissected free from other tissues in both groups. Lung preservation was achieved by antegrade flush perfusion via the left pulmonary artery. Pulmonary veins were clamped at the left atrium and a vent was created. The left main bronchus was clamped. Lung temperature was maintained at 4 degrees -8 degrees C, while core temperature was kept at 38 degrees C. After 3 hrs of cold ischemia the clamps were removed and the lung was reperfused. Elevated pulmonary vascular resistance and local and systemic aspects of ischemia-reperfusion syndrome were consistently reproduced. This large-animal model of in situ unilateral lung cold ischemia with warm reperfusion proved to be very reliable in reproducing all aspects of ischemia-reperfusion injury. It excludes the interference of rejection and extensive surgical manipulation. We therefore propose its use in experimental studies investigating pharmaceutical or cooling modifications affecting lung ischemia-reperfusion outcomes.
This paper proposes a self-authentication scheme for color images, using a fragile data hiding method based on the discrete Pascal transform (DPT). The main contribution of this work is in the development of a scheme that is able to detect whether a color image has been tampered or not, to locate the exact tampered position, and to attempt to restore the original image content. This is achieved by embedding a low bit-depth scaled version of the image itself, resulting in very good stego image quality and satisfactory restoration.
In the present communication the deployment of a system for the watermarking and management of digital images is described. A digital image repository is implemented, and a watermarking method integrated into a dedicated GUI for efficient management and copyright protection of digital images is proposed. The work described in this contribution has been gradually deployed to a Directorate of the Hellenic Ministry of Culture as part of the PRAXITELIS Project.
We aimed to clarify the emerging epigenetic landscape in a group of genes classified as "modifier genes" of the β-type globin genes (HBB cluster), known to operate in trans to accomplish the two natural developmental switches in globin expression, from embryonic to fetal during the first trimester of conception and from fetal to adult around the time of birth. The epigenetic alterations were determined in adult sickle cell anemia (SCA) homozygotes and SCA/β-thalassemia compound heterozygotes of Greek origin, who are under hydroxyurea (HU) treatment. Patients were distinguished in HU responders and HU non-responders (those not benefited from the HU) and both, and in vivo and in vitro approaches were implemented. We examined the CpG islands' DNA methylation profile of BCL11A, KLF1, MYB, MAP3K5, SIN3A, ZBTB7A, and GATA2, along with γ-globin and LRF/ZBTB7A expression levels. In vitro treatment of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) with HU induced a significant DNA hypomethylation pattern in ZBTB7A (p*, 0.04) and GATA2 (p*, 0.03) CpGs exclusively in the HU non-responders. Also, this group of patients exhibited significantly elevated baseline methylation patterns in ZBTB7A, before the HU treatment, compared to HU responders (p*, 0.019) and to control group of healthy individuals (p*, 0.021), which resembles a potential epigenetic barrier for the γ-globin expression. γ-Globin expression in vitro matched with detected HbF levels during patients' monitoring tests (in vivo) under HU treatment, implying a good reproducibility of the in vitro HU epigenetic effect. LRF/ZBTB7A expression was elevated only in the HU non-responders under the influence of HU. This is one of the very first pharmacoepigenomic studies indicating that the hypomethylation of ZBTB7A during HU treatment enhances the LRF expression, which by its turn suppresses the HbF resumption in the HU non-responders. Its role as an epigenetic regulator of hemoglobin switching is also supported by the wide distribution of ZBTB7A-binding sites within the 5′ CpG sequences of all studied human HBB cluster "modifier genes." Also, the baseline methylation level of selective CpGs in ZBTB7A and GATA2 could be an indicator of the negative HU response among the β-type hemoglobinopathy patients.
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Indoor mapping plays a crucial role in various fields such as robotics and building infrastructure management. Accurate distance measurement and mapping are essential for effective indoor mapping. This study reviews existing literature on ultrasonic and LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) sensors in indoor mapping applications, highlighting their capabilities and limitations. It conducts a comprehensive comparative analysis of the HC-SR04 and TF-LC02 sensors in terms of accuracy, range, mapping capabilities, and suitability for indoor mapping tasks and addresses the corresponding challenges. The findings of this work will provide valuable guidance for researchers in selecting the most suitable sensor technology for indoor mapping, leading to improved localization accuracy and mapping resolution.
