In this study, the essential oil of Anethum graveolens L. seed (AEo) was studied for their chemical composition, antioxidant potential, antimicrobial and anticancer activities. AEo was obtained from hydro-distillation and their composition was analyzed by GC-MS. The major compositions of AEo are D -carvone, carvone, dill apiol and limonene. AEo was investigated for antioxidant activity by DPPH, ABTS, FRAP assay and measured total phenolic content by Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method. Agar-well diffusion assay was used to study the anti-microbial activity and also agar-dilution and broth-micro dilution techniques were employed for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination. In addition, the cytotoxicity and anticancer activity were evaluated on Green fluorescent protein (GFP) and Resazurin micro plate assay (REMA). The results showed that AEo exhibited high total phenolic content (GAE= 4.5746 mg/mL) and antioxidant activities on DPPH (TEAC= 52.5391 mg/mL), ABTS (TEAC= 1.5936 mg/mL) and FRAP assay (TEAC= 0.5469 mg/mL) and also showed potent activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli at the MIC= 5.99 mg/mL. Furthermore, AEo presented non-cytoxicity in normal cell whereas it exhibited greatly anti-cancer activity on KB-Oral cavity and MCF7-Breast cancer cells. Keywords: Anethum graveolens L., antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity, anticancer activity, chemical compositions
Thermosensitive chitosan/β-glycerophosphate (CS/BGP) systems have been developed as injectable hydrogels. However, the hydrogels exhibited poor mechanical properties due to their physically crosslinked networks. In this work, CS/BGP hydrogels were reinforced by covalent crosslinking using genipin (GE) and concomitantly semi-interpenetrating networks using pullulan (PL). Based on response surface methodology, the optimized formulation was composed of CS (1.05%, w/v), PL (1%, w/v), BGP (6%, w/v), and GE (70.79 mcg/mL). The optimized hydrogels exhibited Young’s modulus of 92.65 ± 4.13 kPa and a percentage of equilibrium swelling ratio of 3259.09% ± 58.90%. Scanning electron micrographs revealed a highly porous structure with nanofibrous networks in the CS/PL/BGP/GE hydrogels. The chemical interactions between the compositions were investigated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Rheological measurements illustrated that the optimized hydrogels displayed sol–gel transition within one minute at 37 °C, a lower critical solution temperature of about 31 °C, and viscoelastic behavior with high storage modulus. Furthermore, the optimized hydrogels demonstrated higher resistance to in vitro enzymatic degradation, compared to the hydrogels without GE. Our findings could suggest that the thermosensitive CS/PL/BGP/GE hydrogels with enhanced mechanical properties and swelling capacity demonstrate the potential for use as scaffolds and carriers for cartilage tissue engineering and drug delivery applications.
The present study was designed to evaluate the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of hexane, ethylacetate and ethanol extracts of Leea rubra (Leeaceae) roots and stems, which has been used as a Lanna Traditional Medicines for Mahoog. Each extract was tested for antibacterial activity by agar diffusion method and microbroth dilution method and antioxidant activity by 2,2´-azino-bis(3-ethyl- benzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) free radical scavenging assay, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The ethylacetate extract of L. rubra root showed the highest antibacterial activity against gram-positive (IZD=15.5.0±0.5 to 17.5±0.5 mm, MIC=0.098-1.562 mg/ml). While the ethanolic extract of root showed the strongest antioxidant activity in ABTS, DPPH and FRAP method (TEAC=0.888±0.001, 0.849±0.020 and 0.733±0.037, respectively). The data obtained from this study confirms the traditional use of L. rubra for treatment Mahoog. Keywords: Leea rubra , antioxidant activity, antibacterial activity
Cissus quadrangularis Linn. (CQ) is a medicinal plant with good evidence for the treatment of hemorrhoids, listed in the Thai National List of Herbal Products in the oral dosage form. Acmella paniculata (Wall ex. DC.) R. K. Jansen. (AP) is a medicinal plant with a local anesthetic effect.To investigate the potential of rectal suppositories containing CQ and AP extracts to alleviate symptoms of hemorrhoids compared with the commercialized rectal suppository containing hydrocortisone and cinchocaine.Hemorrhoid outpatients (n = 105) with different severity grades (I, II, or III) from eight hospitals in northern Thailand were included in this study. Hemorrhoid severity was graded by proctoscopy associated with either anal pain or bleeding related to hemorrhoids or both. The patients were randomly allocated to two groups: CQ-AP group (n = 52) or the commercialized rectal suppository group (n = 53). One suppository was rectally administered twice daily in the morning and at bedtime for seven days. Evaluations were performed by physicians on days 1, 4, and 8 of the study. The primary endpoints were bleeding and prolapse size, while the secondary endpoint was anal pain.Baseline demographics, lifestyle, constipation, number of prolapses, grade of hemorrhoid severity, and duration of experiencing hemorrhoids were comparable in both groups of patients. The effects of CQ-AP and the commercialized rectal suppository on bleeding, prolapse size, and anal pain were comparable. The patients in both groups were satisfied with both products at comparable levels and stated a preference for further use in the case of hemorrhoids recurrence. In terms of safety, the patients in the commercialized rectal suppository group experienced a higher incidence of adverse events, including anal pain and bleeding.Rectal suppositories containing a combined extract of CQ and AP show potential in alleviating hemorrhoidal symptoms with a good safety profile.
To develop a thin-layer chromatography (TLC) densitometric method for the determination of oxyresveratrol content in Artocarpuslakoocha heartwood and in the traditional drug 'Puag-Haad'.Sample solution of A. lakoocha heartwood was prepared by Soxhlet extraction of the plant material in ethanol, whereas the Puag-Haad solution was obtained by dissolving the drug in methanol. Analysis of each sample solution was performed on a Silica gel 60 F(254) TLC plate (20 x 10 cm) with methylene chloride/methanol (85:15) as the mobile phase. After development, the TLC plate was examined with a TLC scanner in the absorbance mode at 254 nm. The newly developed analytical method was validated using an authentic sample of oxyresveratrol previously isolated from A. lakoocha heartwood, and was used to analyze the oxyresveratrol content in samples of A. lakoocha heartwood and the traditional drug Puag-Haad.A sensitive and reliable TLC densitometric method was successfully developed. The method was validated in terms of accuracy (99.11-102.60%) and precision (1.66-4.23% coefficient of variation). The limits of detection and quantitation were 15.6 and 52 ng/spot, respectively. The amounts of oxyresveratrol in 3 samples of A. lakoocha heartwood collected from its natural habitat were 49.0-182.3 mg/g, whereas those in 11 commercial samples were in the range of 23.4-69.6 mg/g. The oxyresveratrol contents in 2 samples of traditional drug Puag-Haad were 780.1 and 837.5 mg/g.The TLC densitometric method developed in this study is a simple, convenient, sensitive and reliable procedure. It was an effective analytical tool for the evaluation of oxyresveratrol content in both A. lakoocha heartwood and the traditional drug Puag-Haad.
Introduction: Malaria is a tropical disease caused by Plasmodium parasites. The parasite spreads to people through the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. Malaria occurs mainly in poor, tropical, and subtropical areas of the world. The use of traditional medicine/traditional healers is prominent among populations in low-income countries with malaria infection. This study investigated the use of medicinal plants in the treatment of malaria by traditional healers. As well as studying the chemicals in medicinal plants used in treating malaria. To develop information on traditional medicinal plants used to treat and prevent malaria. Methodology: In-depth interviews were conducted along with observational studies of traditional healers. Results: The results showed that 13 medicinal plants have been used in the treatment of malaria by the folk healers in the study areas. The medicinal plants most common used by folk healers are neem (Azadirachta indica A.Juss.), quinine (Brucea javanica (L.) Merr.), wormwood (Tinospora crispa (L.)), and Eurycoma longifolia Jack. These main medicinal plants have the nourishing, therapeutic and preventive properties for malaria during a journey in the forest. They have been used as analgesic against all kinds of fever such as persistent fever and malaria. Each folk healer has been taught by their ancestors with at least 15 years of experience in healing and taking care of a large number of patients in their community. As these 2 provinces are adjacent to Cambodia, all folk healers can treat malaria even in severe stages such as cerebral malaria, malaria-induced splenic infarction and other similar fever conditions. Conclusion: The active substances or phytochemicals of 5 medicinal plants used in the treatment of malaria were characterized using crude ethanol extracts. Two primary phytochemicals were identified in Azadirachta indica A.Juss. and Ficus Racemosa Linn. which were terpenoids and phenolics, two phytochemicals were identified in Brucea javanica (L.) Merr. which were alkaloids and phenolics while three phytochemicals were identified in Tinospora crispa (L.) and Eurycoma longifolia Jack which were terpenoids, alkaloids and phenolics. For the total alkaloid content in 3 medicinal plants, Brucea javanica (L.) Merr. had highest total alkaloid content of 1.73-1.84%, followed by Tinospora crispa (L.) 1.15-1.59% and Eurycoma longifolia Jack 0.34-0.58%. In conclusion, folk healers in Sa Kaeo Province used medicinal plants gathered from their local community forests, which are found in every district, according to a study on the distribution and density of medicinal plants used in the treatment and prevention of malaria in the province's various districts. These therapeutic plants' coordinates were found using the geographic information system (GIS).
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