Acute hypotensive effects of Siamese Imperata cylindrica and Phyllanthus emblica extracts on SHRSP (the 1st report)
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Phyllanthus emblica
Imperata
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The aqueous extract of Emblica officinalis Gaertn. (syn: Phyllanthus emblica L.) (Euphorbiaceae) seeds was investigated for its anti-diabetic activity in animal models. Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetes models were used for the study. The standardized doses of 100, 200, 300, and 400 mg kg−1 body weight of the extract were administered orally to normal and diabetic rats in order to define its glycemic potential. The maximum fall of 27.3% (p < 0.001) in the blood glucose level of normal rats was observed at 6 h during fasting blood glucose studies, with the dose of 300 mg kg−1 identified as the most effective dose. The same dose produced a fall of 25.3% (p < 0.001) in the same models during the glucose tolerance test (GTT) at 3 h after glucose administration. However, the dose of 300 mg kg−1 of aqueous seed extract in sub- and mild-diabetic animals produced a maximum fall of 34.1 and 41.6% (p < 0.01), respectively, during the GTT at 3 h after glucose administration. This evidence clearly indicates that the aqueous extract of E. officinalis seeds has definite hypoglycemic potential as well as anti-diabetic activity.
Phyllanthus emblica
Emblica officinalis
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Centella
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In the present study, we have chosen a plant named Luffa cylindrica Linn (cucurbitaceae) to evaluate for its hepatoprotective activity in experimental animals. Different pharmacological activities are reported with different parts of this plant. Some of its medicinal properties reported as an anthelmintic, stomachic and antipyretic, Extract of the fruits showed antioxidant activity, iron deficiency, anaemia, expulsion of worms and abnormal stoppage of menses. From the literature we found that L. cylindrica Linn has also been traditionally indicated for treatment of hepatic disorders. This prompet us to select fruit extracts of this plant for the study of hepatoprotective activity in paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in experimental animals. Phytochemical Chemical screening of L. cylindrica revealed the presence of Saponins, carbohydrate, Flavonoids. The present study was made to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of alcoholic and aqueous extracts of fruits of Luffa cylindrica in paracetamol induced hepatic injury in experimental animal rats. Hepatoprotective activity of L. cylindrica was studied by estimating the serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), direct and total bilirubin, cholesterol, triglycerides, total proteins and albumin. The treatment with AEFLC and AQEFLC showed significant reduction of paracetamol induced elevated serum enzyme levels and increase in total protein and albumin. Histopathology of liver shows hepatoprotective effect of these extracts.
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Phyllanthus emblica is empirically used to treat various diseases. Chemical compounds in this plant includes benzene derivatives, diterpen and monoterpen, furanolacton, flavonoids and sterols. The purpose of this research is to investigate anti-hyperglycemic activity of P. emblica. The diabetic animal model was obtained by administration of alloxan 120 mg/kg BW intraperitonial. The rats were divided into 9 groups, i.e., normal group, negative control (1% CMC), positive control (glibenclamide 0.5 mg/kg BW) and P. emblica leaves and bark ethanol extract at the dose of 500, 750, and 1000 mg/kg BW. Determination of flavonoid content was performed through colorimetric method using UV-Vis spectrophotometer at 425 nm. After 7 days of induction, the entire group was treated for 21 days, fasting blood glucose was performed on days 0, 1, 8, 15 and 22. Then the data of fasting blood glucose level in mice was treated with one way ANOVA analysis and advanced test with post hoc Least Significant Differences (LSD) method. The percentage of the blood glucose decrease from the animal treated with leaves extract at doses of 500, 750 and 1000 mg/kg BW, respectively, were 22.47%; 21.03%; and 24.52%, while those of bark extract were 32.19%; 31.61%; and 37.24%, respectively. Determination of total flavonoid level showed that the highest amount of flavonoids was observed in leaves (35.838 mg/g Quercetin). In conclusion, P. emblica bark and leaves showed anti-hyperglycemic activity. Keywords: anti-hyperglycemic, alloxan, Phyllanthus emblica, Wistar
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Phyllanthus emblica is a constituent of many hepatoprotective formulations available in market. 50% alcoholic extract of P. emblica and quercetin isolated from it were studied for hepatoprotective effect against country made liquor (CML) and paracetamol challenge in albino rats and mice respectively. The extract at the dose of 100 mg/100 g [corrected], po and quercetin at the dose of 15 mg/100 g, po, produced significant hepatoprotection.
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Hepatoprotection
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