Abstract In the wound healing process, neutrophils are the first inflammatory cells to move to the wound tissues. They sterilize wounds by killing microbes, and they stimulate other immune cells to protect the host from infection. In contrast, neutrophil‐derived proteases cause damage to host tissues, so neutrophils play dual opposite roles in wound healing. Interleukin‐17A ( IL ‐17A) is a proinflammatory cytokine that promotes the recruitment of these cells. The role of this cytokine in the wound healing process is not fully clarified. In the present study, therefore, we examined how defect in IL ‐17A production affected the wound healing in skin. IL ‐17A‐knockout ( KO ) mice showed promoted wound closure, myofibroblast differentiation and collagen deposition and decreased the neutrophil accumulation compared with wild‐type ( WT ) mice. In contrast, the administration of recombinant IL ‐17A led to delayed wound closure, low collagen deposition and accelerated neutrophilic accumulation. In addition, the treatment of IL ‐17A‐administered mice with a neutrophil elastase inhibitor improved the wound repair to the same level as that of WT mice. These results indicated that IL ‐17A hampered the wound healing process and suggested that neutrophilic inflammation caused by IL ‐17A may be associated with impaired wound healing in skin.
253 percutaneous transhepatic cholangiographies with Chiba needle were performed. In 83% of the cases the biliary tract could be visualized. In the patients with extrahepatic cholestasis 92% success was achieved, while only 48% success in the cases with intra-hepatic cholestasis. Complications were developed in 3,87% of cases (choleperitoneum 4, cholangitis 2, hemorrhage 2, paralytic ileum 1, hemobilia 2). There was no mortality. Patients with dilated biliary tract should be operated upon in no more than 24 hours following the procedure.
An increasing number of women are undergoing breast implantation for cosmetic purposes or for reconstructive purposes after breast excision. The surface morphology of the breast implant is a key factor associated with the induction of capsule contraction. The effect of surface morphology on the inflammatory response after implant insertion remains unclear, however. The authors conducted comparative analyses to determine the effect of the textured and smooth surface morphology of silicone sheets.
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) has an important role in physical performance. However, the cardiac ANS activity between sprinters (SPR) and distance runners (DR) has been poorly explored. Not much research has been conducted to determine the differences between sprinters (SPR) and distance runners (DR). We aimed to investigate the influences of ANS activity and circulatory dynamics on different types of exercise training. For this study, five male SPR and seven male DR, aged 18–24 years old (21.2±2.0 years), were recruited from Tohoku University sports club. They had trained using the same exercise type for more than 3 years. We measured weight, height, body mass index, muscle mass, bone mass, visceral fat rating, basal metabolic rate, and part fat percentage and part muscle mass. We also measured blood pressure (BP) and heart rate variability (HRV) at rest and during the postural change from the supine position to the sitting position. Spectral analysis of HRV was performed to evaluate low‐frequency power (LF), high‐frequency power (HF), and the LF/HF ratio to observe the changes in cardiac sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve activity. Data regarding type, duration, and content of the training were obtained using questionnaires after the measurements. Significant differences were observed between both groups with regards to bone mass and left‐hand muscle mass. SPR had significantly higher HRV in supine position compared with DR. The HF of SPR was significant higher than DR in all positions. During postural change from the supine to the sitting position, LF/HF was significantly higher in DR compared with the SPR. Systolic BP in SPR was observed to significantly increase during postural change from the supine position to sitting position, while the systolic BP during postural change was reduced in the DR group. We thus observed different responses in both groups suggesting significant differences in ANS activity and circulatory dynamics between SPR and DR. This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
A case of hypertrophic cranial pachymeningitis was reported. A 58-year-old female presented the symptoms of headache and vomiting. At the age of 27, she had suffered from tuberculosis. Neurological examination on admission revealed bilateral papilledema, bilateral hearing disturbance, right hypoglossal nerve palsy, ataxic gait, and bilateral intentional tremor. CT scan showed dilatation of the lateral and third ventricles, and compression of the fourth ventricle with marked enhancement of cerebellar tentorium. A ventriculoperitoneal shunt was installed bringing about improvement in bilateral papilledema, ataxic gait, and bilateral intentional tremor. One month later, ataxic gait and bilateral intentional tremor recurred, and monoparesis of the left upper extremity developed. MRI demonstrated hypertrophic dura mater in the posterior fossa and compressed cervical spinal cord. Decompressive surgery was performed bringing about remarkable clinical improvement. The pathological specimen showed thickening of the dura mater with concentric layers of dense fibrous tissue infiltrated with plasma cells. A diagnosis of hypertrophic cranial pachymeningitis was established. Three years later, the clinical features were found unchanged, but contrast enhancement of cerebellar tentorium had progressed markedly. Hypertrophic pachymeningitis is a uncommon disease. But it should be noted that intracranial involvement is very rare. The etiology, symptomatology, neuroradiology, and treatment are discussed and the literature is reviewed.
The gene encoding an extracellular chitinase from marine Alteromonas sp. strain O-7 was cloned in Escherichia coli JM109 by using pUC18. The chitinase produced was not secreted into the growth medium but accumulated in the periplasmic space. A chitinase-positive clone of E. coli produced two chitinases with different molecular weights from a single chitinase gene. These proteins showed almost the same enzymatic properties as the native chitinase of Alteromonas sp. strain O-7. The N-terminal sequences of the two enzymes were identical. The nucleotide sequence of the 3,394-bp SphI-HindIII fragment that included the chitinase gene was determined. A single open reading frame was found to encode a protein consisting of 820 amino acids with a molecular weight of 87,341. A putative ribosome-binding site, promoter, and signal sequence were identified. The deduced amino acid sequence of the cloned chitinase showed sequence homology with chitinases A (33.4%) and B (15.3%) from Serratia marcescens. Regardless of origin, the enzymes of the two bacteria isolated from marine and terrestrial environments had high homology, suggesting that these organisms evolved from a common ancestor.
Objective: Chronic skin wounds are usually colonised with bacteria and subsequent infection may develop. Topical antiseptics are commonly used to control bacterial colonisation. The topical antiseptic, 1% polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine (PVP-I), that is used on chronic open skin wounds remains controversial in the clinical setting because of its cytotoxicity. Here, we tested 1% PVP-I solution against saline to determine if it reduces bacterial count on the wound surface and within the tissue that may lead to wound reduction. Method: Open wounds that were created on the backs of Sprague Dawley rats were inoculated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa at the wound surface. Wounds were kept covered except for wound irrigation, two days post-wounding, wounds were irrigated daily using a 10ml syringe and spray tip. Results: Our results indicate that 1% PVP-I irrigation resulted in a reduced bacterial count on the wound surface and within the tissue compared with saline irrigation. The 1% PVP-I irrigation promoted wound re-epithelialisation compared with saline irrigation, but it did not reach significance. Conclusion: These results indicated that irrigation with 1% PVP-I was an effective way to reduce bacterial count on the wound surface, and allow the wound to progress to healing. Declaration of interest: This work was supported in part by a Grant-in-aid for Scientific Research (B) (21390476) and a Grant-in-aid for Scientific Research (C) (25463284) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan. The authors state no financial conflict of interest.
Abstract Quorum-sensing systems regulate virulence factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which produces two autoinducers, N-3-oxododecanoyl or N-butanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C12- or C4-HSL, respectively). Production of each HSL is regulated by the lasI or rhlI gene. Recently, HSLs are considered to play important roles in modulating immune responses. In this study, we addressed the effect of HSLs on the wound healing in skin. Wounds were created on the back of SD rats. P. aeruginosa PAO1 and its lasI or rhlI-deletion mutant (ΔlasI or ΔrhlI) were inoculated at the wound surface. Rats were injected intraperitoneally with anti-3-oxo-C12-HSL or -C4-HSL antiserum or administered each HSL at the wound surface. The wound tissues were harvested for analysis of re-epithelialization, accumulation of neutrophils and synthesis of TNF-α. Inoculation with PAO1 significantly accelerated the healing process, as evaluated by re-epithelialization, on day 3 post-wounding, which was associated with the local infiltration of neutrophils and synthesis of TNF-α. These responses were not observed when inoculated with ΔlasI or ΔrhlI in place of PAO1 and cancelled when co-treated with these anti HSL antisera, respectively, but not with control rabbit serum. By contrast, administration of either HSL in the absence of PAO1 significantly accelerated the re-epithelialization. These results suggest that 3-oxo-C12-HSL and C4-HSL may be deeply involved in the skin wound healing during P. aeruginosa infection.
