Asad Waqar

Bahria University

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Saeed Mian Qaisar

American University of the Middle East

Muhammad Aamir

Harbin Institute of Technology

Shaorong Wang

Huazhong University of Science and Technology

Habib Ur Rahman Habib

Durham University

Syed Umaid Ali

Bahria University

Toqeer Ahmed

Abdus Salam Centre for Physics

Faheem Haroon

Bahria University

Muhammad Zahid

Abbottabad University of Science and Technology

Qasim Kamil Mohsin

Huazhong University of Science and Technology

Yasir Basheer

Riphah International University

Cooperative Institutions

Smart Homes

140

Ion Exchange (India)

135

Huazhong University of Science and Technology

Bahria University

COMSATS University Islamabad

National University of Sciences and Technology

Riphah International University

University of Agriculture Faisalabad

University of Engineering and Technology Taxila

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A Composite Exponential Reaching Law based SMC with Rotating Sliding Surface Selection Mechanism for Two Level Three Phase VSI in Vehicle to Load Applications

Faheem Haroon Muhammad Aamir Asad Waqar Saeed Mian Qaisar Syed Umaid Ali

Voltage Source Inverters (VSI) are the integral part of Electrical Vehicles (EV) to enhance the reliability of supply power to critical loads in vehicle to load (V2L) applications. Inherent properties of sliding mode control (SMC) makes it one of the best vailable options to achieve desired voltage quality under variable load conditions. Intrinsic characteristic of robustness associated with SMC is achieved generally at the cost of unwanted chattering along the sliding surface. To manage this compromise better, optimal selection of sliding surface coefficient is applied with proposed composite exponential reaching law (C-ERL). The novelty of proposed C-ERL is associated with the intelligent mix of exponential, power and difference functions blended with rotating sliding surface selection (RSS) technique for three phase two level VSI. Moreover, proposed reaching law along with power rate exponential reaching law(PRERL), enhanced exponential reaching law(EERL) and repeatitive reaching law(RRL) are implemented on two level three phase VSI under variable load condtions. Comparative analysis of which strongly advocates the authenticity and effectiveness of proposed reaching law in achieving well regulated output voltage, with high level of robustness, reduced chattering and low %THD.

Robustness

10.20944/preprints202210.0143.v1

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Citations (2)

Line-Interactive Transformerless Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) with a Fuel Cell as the Primary Source

Energies (2018)

Muhammad Iftikhar Muhammad Aamir Asad Waqar Naila Fahad Bin Muslim

This paper presents line-interactive transformerless Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) with a fuel cell as the prime energy source. The proposed UPS consists of three major parts (i.e., an output inverter, a unidirectional DC–DC converter, and a battery charger/discharger). Non-isolated topologies of both the unidirectional converter and battery charger/discharger ensure transformerless operation of the UPS system. A new topology of high gain converter is employed for boosting the low voltage of the fuel cell to a higher DC link voltage, with minimum semiconductor count, and high efficiency. A high-gain battery charger/discharger realizes the bidirectional operation between the DC link and the battery bank. Besides, it regulates the DC link voltage during the cold start of fuel cells and keeps the battery bank voltage to only 24 V. A new inverter control scheme is introduced that regulates the output voltage and minimizes the total harmonic distortion for non-linear loading condition. The proposed control scheme integrates proportional-resonant control with slide mode control, which improves the controller’s performance in transient conditions. The proposed UPS system is validated by developing a 1-kVA experimental prototype.

Uninterruptible power supply

Battery charger

10.3390/en11030542

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Citations (8)

Optimal Planning and EMS Design of PV Based Standalone Rural Microgrids

IEEE Access (2021)

Habib Ur Rahman Habib Asad Waqar Abdul Khalique Junejo Mahmoud F. Elmorshedy Shaorong Wang

Standalone rural microgrid (MG) systems are considered as a sustainable and economical solutions towards rural area electrifications. Specific control schemes are necessary to adopt for reliable and economic performance of these rural MGs. This study focuses on the optimal utilization of biomass potential considering specific applications of bio generator (BG) with BG-PV-WT-BSS and BG-PV-SMES based standalone rural MG systems. In the first case of the BG-PV-WT-BSS, the optimal sizing/selection of DGs of a rural MG has been proposed using the improved-MILP (I-MILP) approach. The objectives of this study were to minimize total net present cost (TNPC), the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) and GHG emissions. In the second case of BG-PV-SMES, the simulation model of the rural microgrid consisting of a variable speed bio generator (VSBG) and photovoltaic (PV) has been developed. Afterwards, a simplified EMS has been designed for the coordinated operation control of the distributed energy resources (DERs) in the rural MGs using MATLAB/Simulink ^® environment. For the DGs connected via power converter, FOSMC and FCS-MPC based coordinated control has been proposed in the simplified EMS. The purpose of the FOSMC and FCS-MPC based power converter is the improvement of the system performance (for instance power quality, regulated voltage and THD) under external disturbances. Simulation analysis shows the better operation of FOSMC and FCS-MPC under less THD and improved power quality.

10.1109/access.2021.3060031

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Citations (41)

Experimental Verification of Rotating Sliding Mode Control with Composite Reaching Law Approach for Voltage Source Inverters

Faheem Haroon Asad Waqar Muhammad Aamir Abbas Syed Hayder Syed Umaid Ali

Mode (computer interface)

Voltage source inverter

10.1109/ibcast61650.2024.10877195

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Citations (0)

A Survey on Energy Storage: Techniques and Challenges

Energies (2023)

Moez Krichen Yasir Basheer Saeed Mian Qaisar Asad Waqar

Intermittent renewable energy is becoming increasingly popular, as storing stationary and mobile energy remains a critical focus of attention. Although electricity cannot be stored on any scale, it can be converted to other kinds of energies that can be stored and then reconverted to electricity on demand. Such energy storage systems can be based on batteries, supercapacitors, flywheels, thermal modules, compressed air, and hydro storage. This survey article explores several aspects of energy storage. First, we define the primary difficulties and goals associated with energy storage. Second, we discuss several strategies employed for energy storage and the criteria used to identify the most appropriate technology. In addition, we address the current issues and limitations of energy storage approaches. Third, we shed light on the battery technologies, which are most frequently used in a wide range of applications for energy storage. The usage and types of batteries are described alongside their market shares and social and environmental aspects. Moreover, the recent advances in battery state estimation and cell-balancing mechanisms are reviewed.

Flywheel

10.3390/en16052271

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Citations (31)

Model predictive control of consensus-based energy management system for DC microgrid

PLoS ONE (2023)

Syed Umaid Ali Asad Waqar Muhammad Aamir Saeed Mian Qaisar Jamshed Iqbal

The increasing deployment and exploitation of distributed renewable energy source (DRES) units and battery energy storage systems (BESS) in DC microgrids lead to a promising research field currently. Individual DRES and BESS controllers can operate as grid-forming (GFM) or grid-feeding (GFE) units independently, depending on the microgrid operational requirements. In standalone mode, at least one controller should operate as a GFM unit. In grid-connected mode, all the controllers may operate as GFE units. This article proposes a consensus-based energy management system based upon Model Predictive Control (MPC) for DRES and BESS individual controllers to operate in both configurations (GFM or GFE). Energy management system determines the mode of power flow based on the amount of generated power, load power, solar irradiance, wind speed, rated power of every DG, and state of charge (SOC) of BESS. Based on selection of power flow mode, the role of DRES and BESS individual controllers to operate as GFM or GFE units, is decided. MPC hybrid cost function with auto-tuning weighing factors will enable DRES and BESS converters to switch between GFM and GFE. In this paper, a single hybrid cost function has been proposed for both GFM and GFE. The performance of the proposed energy management system has been validated on an EU low voltage benchmark DC microgrid by MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation and also compared with Proportional Integral (PI) & Sliding Mode Control (SMC) technique. It has been noted that as compared to PI & SMC, MPC technique exhibits settling time of less than 1μsec and 5% overshoot.

Microgrid

10.1371/journal.pone.0278110

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Citations (13)

Voltage stability enhancement in grid-connected microgrid using enhanced dynamic voltage restorer (EDVR)

AIMS energy (2021)

Ahsan Iqbal Ayesha Ayoub Asad Waqar Azhar Ul-Haq Muhammad Zahid

Microgrid (MG) has extensive properties to overcome common problems of local distribution system. Some of those problems are generation and demand difference, blackout and brownout, environmental concerns due to burning of natural resources in power stations (indirectly), and reliability issues. Research on microgrid is being conducted to enhance its features to mitigate power quality (PQ) problems associated with distribution system. Voltage sag and swell have been major power quality problems for decades, loads in distribution system are heavily affected due to these power quality problems. In the distribution system, microgrid and power quality compensation strategy should be existed in order to ensure reliability and voltage sag/swell mitigation. Dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) is comprehensive power electronics based Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) device, it is third-generation FACTS device as its control scheme selection flexibility and power line coupling approach make it advance when compare to first and second-generation FACTS devices. In this paper, an Enhanced Dynamic Voltage Restorer (EDVR) is presented to efficiently mitigate voltage sag/swell in grid connected microgrid. On the one side, the presence of microgrid structure ensures reliability of distribution system for local loads on the other side, EDVR ensures voltage sag/swell free power supply for loads. The control strategy of EDVR is based on enhanced synchronous reference frame (ESRF) approach and fuzzy technique system. ESRF is specially design for fast and precise operation of EDVR whereas; fuzzy technique system is responsible for standardized voltage supply for local loads. DC link voltage of EDVR is effectively regulated with the help of proposed control scheme at the time of voltage sag/swell compensation. Stability analysis of ESRF control has been done using modeling of VSC and eigenvalue analysis system. Simulation results on MATLAB/Simulink verified the performance of EDVR under presented control approach hence the specific loads in distribution system are more secure under proposed microgrid system with EDVR.

Microgrid

Voltage Sag

Blackout

10.3934/energy.2021009

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Citations (19)

Multiple Fuel Machines Power Economic Dispatch Using Stud Differential Evolution

Energies (2018)

Naila Shaikh Saaqib Haroon Shahzad Hassan Salman Amin Intisar Ali Sajjad

This paper presents an optimization method for solving the Power Economic Dispatch (PED) problem of thermal generation units with multiple fuels and valve point loadings. The proposed optimizer is a variant of Differential Evolution (DE) characterized as a Stud Differential Evolution (SDE), which has been proposed earlier and implemented on a hydrothermal energy system. In SDE, an operator named Stud Crossover (SC) is introduced in the conventional DE during the trial vector updating process. In SC operator, a best vector gives its optimal information to all other population members through mating. The proposed algorithm’s effectiveness to solve Multiple Fuel PED problem, with and without Valve Point Loading Effects (VPLEs), has been validated by testing it on 10 machine multiple fuel standard test systems having 2400 MW, 2500 MW, 2600 MW, and 2700 MW load demands. The results depict the strength of SDE over various other methods in the literature.

Differential Evolution

Operator (biology)

Economic Dispatch

Operating point

10.3390/en11061393

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Citations (9)

An Overview of Artificial Intelligence Driven Li-Ion Battery State Estimation

CRC Press eBooks (2024)

Mohammed Hindawi Yasir Basheer Saeed Mian Qaisar Asad Waqar

10.1201/9781003454571-7

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Application of Fixed Frequency Sliding Mode Control for D-STATCOM in Power Systems

2021 International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences and Technologies (IBCAST) (2021)

Toqeer Ahmed Asad Waqar Syed Haider Ammar Armghan

D-STATCOM is a Flexible AC Transmission System (FACT) device used to control the reactive power flow in the distribution system. It can be operated in inductive/capacitive operation modes to inject/absorb reactive power. In this paper, a fixed frequency sliding mode control (FFSMC) is designed for the application in a D-STATCOM. To realize the proposed FFSMC, two test cases are performed. In the first case, the voltage sag/swell of the main grid is considered. Meanwhile, in the second case, an unbalanced load condition is considered. The D-STATCOM is situated at the point of common coupling (PCC) to mitigate these issues as well as to improve the voltage stability and power quality. The proposed FFSMC design is based on a constant switching frequency operation and Gao's reaching law is used to eliminate the chattering phenomenon. The stability of the proposed controller is proved as well. The real-time simulation is carried out by using the MATLAB/Simulink environment to examine the performance of the proposed control. Moreover, the simulation results of the proposed FFSMC are compared with conventional proportional-integral (PI) control. The results indicate the advantages of proposed FFSMC in terms of low THD, robustness, and fast-tracking.

Voltage Sag

Robustness

10.1109/ibcast51254.2021.9393248

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Citations (3)