An Overview of Artificial Intelligence Driven Li-Ion Battery State Estimation
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Theoretical bases for the necessity of land’s economic estimation have been disclosed. Peculiarities of developing the ways of agricultural land estimation in Ukraine have been researched as well as the methods of land estimation in Ukraine which will allow the precise estimation of national wealth, taking into account its ecological state, have been suggested. Розкрито теоретичні основи необхідності економічної оцінки земель. Досліджено особливості розвитку способів оцінки земельних угідь сільськогосподарського призначення і запропоновано спосіб оцінки земель України, який дозволить точно визначити вартість національного багатства країни з урахуванням їх екологічного стану.
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Measurement involves actual measuring or estimating to generate a quantitative understanding of a phenomenon. Estimation in particular refers to the process of obtaining measurements without a measuring tool. This paper aims to investigate didactical implications for estimation by analyzing the estimation activities of textbooks. To this end, we focused on estimation activities in elementary school mathematics textbooks from the seventh to the 2015 revised national curriculum, analyzing them based on activity quantity, estimation type, and estimation strategy. As regards length, the estimation activities were presented appropriately in terms of quantity, type, and strategy. However, other attributes were insufficient in quantity while some activities showed biases and limitations with few estimation strategies to use in a variety of contexts. Based on these results, we propose the inclusion of achievement standards for time, area, and volume and argue that the textbook should address various types of and strategies for estimation activities.
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A concept “Estimation of personnel” is considered in the article, the criteria of estimation of personnel are exposed, the system of estimation of personnel is described, the traditional and modern methods of estimation of personnel are analysed.The problem of introduction of modern methods of estimation of personnel is studied on the Ukrainian enterprises, the methodsof its permission are offered Рассмотрено понятие “оценка персонала”, выявлены критерии оценки персонала, описана система оценки персонала, проанализированы традиционные и современные методы оценки персонала. Изучена проблема внедрения современных методов оценки персонала на украинских предприятиях, предложены способы ее разрешения
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According to the comparison of the estimation and the budgetary estimate,the paper analyzes the influence of the costs of the estimation indexes and the changes of the materials prices under the current costs system on the estimation,and points out the methods to have the reasonable control over the estimation,so as to have the direction for the reasonable control over the estimation of the road projects.
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We provide an overview of the estimation methods that software companies apply to estimate their projects, why those methods are chosen, and how accurate they are. In order to improve estimation accuracy, such knowledge is essential. We conducted an in-depth survey, where information was collected through structured interviews with senior managers from 18 different companies and project managers of 52 different projects. We analyzed information about estimation approach, effort estimation accuracy and bias, schedule estimation accuracy and bias, delivered functionality and other estimation related information. Our results suggest, for example, that average effort overruns are 41%, that the estimation performance has not changed much the last 10-20 years, that expert estimation is the dominating estimation method, that estimation accuracy is not much impacted by use of formal estimation models, and that software managers tend to believe that the estimation accuracy of their company is better than it actually is.
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본 연구의 목적은 현 2009개정 교육과정 초등학교 2학년 수학 교과에 미비하게 다루어져있는 어림 측정 영역을 강화하여 학생들의 길이 어림에 대한 이해와 어림 능력의 변화를 살펴보는 것이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 어림 측정 내용을 세 가지 어림 전략을 투입하여 어림을 강화한 수업으로 재구성하여 학생들에게 수업한 후 학생들의 길이 어림에 대한 이해가 길이 어림 능력에 미치는 영향에 대하여 살펴보았다. 연구 결과, 학생들은 어림의 의미를 정확히 이해하고 상황에 따라 적절한 어림 전략을 활용하여 오차를 줄여나가는 모습을 보였다. 또한 어림 전략을 활용하여 문제 해결 과정을 논리적으로 설명하는 능력도 향상되었다. The purpose of this study is the reorganization of the curriculum on the measurement, a part of the second grade math curriculum, for the improvement of the estimation capability in the elementary school students. Research questions were as follows: (1) how are the estimation capabilities of the students who have taken lessons on the diversified estimation strategies? and (2) how are the mathematical writing capabilities of the students who have taken lessons on the diversified estimation strategies? The study using reconstructed lessons was conducted on 18 second grade students in an elementary school located in Seoul. Results show that the students' estimation capabilities and have improved. They started to use 'about' when writing estimation results, different from writing the accurate measurements. Measurement errors were gradually reduced, ending up with a student who could accurately estimate exactly 1m. In addition, their estimation capabilities in using appropriate estimation strategy and writing skills describing the estimation strategy have improved.
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We provide an overview of the estimation methods that software companies apply to estimate their projects, why those methods are chosen, and how accurate they are. In order to improve estimation accuracy, such knowledge is essential. We conducted an in-depth survey, where information was collected through structured interviews with senior managers from 18 different companies and project managers of 52 different projects. We analyzed information about estimation approach, effort estimation accuracy and bias, schedule estimation accuracy and bias, delivered functionality and other estimation related information. Our results suggest, for example, that average effort overruns are 41%, that the estimation performance has not changed much the last 10-20 years, that expert estimation is the dominating estimation method, that estimation accuracy is not much impacted by use of formal estimation models, and that software managers tend to believe that the estimation accuracy of their company is better than it actually is.
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A novel method to monitor dynamically the internal pressure of sealed battery with no damage of the battery by using of resistance strain measurement technique is presented. This technique employs the resistence strain gauges in touch of the battery case and to detect the minimal change in the battery deformation due to the increasing internal pressure, electrode expantion or intrenal temperature rise. Application of the technique for the study of the effects of the battery processing factors on the battery performance is described taking Ni MH battery as example.
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본 논문에서는 배터리의 비선형적 방전 특성인 회복효과를 사용하여 배터리의 사용 시간을 연장하는 기법을 제안한다. 일반적으로 배터리의 사용 시간을 예측할 때에는 배터리 내부에 저장된 에너지가 일정하다고 가정하지만, 실제로는 배터리 내부의 화학 반응 때문에 배터리를 계속 방전시키지 않고 중간에 쉬는 시간을 만들어주면 더 많은 에너지를 끌어낼 수 있는데 이를 회복효과라 한다. 제안하는 기법에서는 다수의 배터리 셀을 교대로 방전시킴으로서 기기의 전력 공급은 그대로 유지하면서 배터리 셀 일부를 쉬게 하여 회복효과를 발생시키고, 이에 따라 배터리의 사용 시간을 연장시킬 수 있다. 실험 결과, 2개의 배터리 셀을 기존처럼 병렬 연결하여 방전시키는 것에 비해 배터리 셀을 교대로 방전시키면 배터리 사용시간이 약 7% 증가하였다. This paper proposes a battery lifetime enhancement method based on the nonlinear discharge charisteristics called recovery effect. In general, the stored energy in a battery is considered in the prediction of battery lifetime. However, due to the chemical reaction in a battery, more energy can be drawn from a battery when it is not continuously but intermittently discharged, which is called recovery effect. In the proposed method, several battery cells are alternately discharged, and some battery cells rest while maintaining the system power supply. This makes recovery effect of battery cells, which extends battery lifetime. In the experiment, battery lifetime increases about 7% in the alternating discharge of two battery cells, when compared with conventional parallel discharge.
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