Let $X_{i}, i\geq1$ be a sequence of random variables with different distributions $F_{i}, i\geq1$ . The partial sums are denoted by $S_{n}=\sum_{i=1}^{n} X_{i}$ , $n\geq1$ . This paper mainly investigates the precise large deviations of $S_{n}, n\geq1$ , for the widely orthant dependent random variables $X_{i}, i\geq1$ . Under some mild conditions, the lower and upper bounds of the precise large deviations of the partial sums $S_{n}$ , $n\geq1$ , are presented.
Objective To investigate the genotype distribution of CTX-M-type extended-spectrum β-1actamase(ESBLs) by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography(DHPLC) in Hunan Province and the accuracy of DHPLC assay. Methods The blaCTX-M genes of standard strains and clinical ESBLs-producing Enterobacteriaceae were amplified by multiplex PCR followed by DHPLC and genotype determination. 25 isolates randomly selected were sequenced to assess the accuracy of DHPLC method. Results Among 142 ESBLs-producing isolates, 109 isolates carried blaCTX-M gene (76. 8% ). Four different CTX-M genotypes were detected by DHPLC, including CTX-M-3 (33 isolates), CTX-M-15 (19 isolates), CTX-M-14 (52 isolates) and CTX-M-9 (5 isolates). The DHPLC typing of 25 isolates suggested that 24 isolates were verified uniformly by the sequencing, but one CTX-M-15 isolate typed by DHPLC was shown to be CTX-M-82 by sequencing. Conclusion DHPLC is a powerful tool for genotyping of the resistance gene and is worth being applied in the clinical and scientific research with accurate, rapid and economic advantages.
Key words:
beta-Lactamases; Escberichia coli proterins; Chromatography, high pressure liquid; Genotype
We investigated the presence of Chlamydia psittaci in poultry and the environment in live poultry wholesale markets in Changsha during 2021-2022 and conducted a phylogenetic analysis to understand its distribution in this market.
Objective To investigate the detection rate and the subtype of CTX-M-extened-spectrum-lactamase in Escherichia coli collected from three affiliated hospitals of Central South University.Methods Fifty-two ESBL-producing Escherichia coli clinical strains were collected from October 2004 to July 2005.The genotype of CTX-M enzyme was detected by multiplex PCR and the products were sequenced,then the subtype of the gene was determined by blast searching.Results Among 52 ESBL-producing Escherichia coli isolates,48 were confirmed to produce CTX-M genes by multiplex PCR.The rate of ESBL-producing strains carrying CTX-M-type-lactamases in Escherichia coli was 92.3%.The subtypes of CTX-M enzymes were CTX-M-3,CTX-M-14,CTX-M-15,and CTX-M-82.Conclusions CTX-M-producing Enterobacteriaceae is common in Hunan Province.CTX-M-82 is a new CTX-M type extened-spectrum-lactamases after confirmed by medical experts of American Lahey Clinic Medical Center and the GenBank accession number is DQ256091.
We constructed lentiviral vectors containing the human wild-type GJB6 gene and the mutant variants A88V and G11R. The three proteins were stably expressed by the Tet-on system in the HaCaT cell line and used to study the functional effect of the variants. The CCK-8 assay and flow cytometric analyses were used to determine the levels of cell proliferation and apoptosis. Western blot analyses were performed to analyze the relevant clinical indicators of hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia and markers of apoptosis in transfected HaCaT cells. The CCK8 assay and the flow cytometry results showed a significant increase (P<0.05) in the apoptosis of HaCaT cells expressing the A88V and G11R mutants. In addition, we demonstrated that the A88V and G11R mutants induced the apoptosis of transfected HaCaT cells via the activation of caspase-3, -8, -9, and PARA. No change was observed in the activity of BAX compared with the control. This study provides further clarification on the mechanisms underlying the effect of the mutant variants A88V and G11R of the GJB6 gene on the induction of HaCaT cell apoptosis.
The present study aimed to investigate the potential role of the long non‑coding RNA (lncRNA) Pvt1 oncogene (non‑protein coding) (PVT1) in the progression and metastasis of malignant melanoma, and to reveal its possible molecular mechanisms. The expression of lncRNA PVT1 in melanoma tissues and adjacent normal skin from patients with melanoma, and in the melanoma A‑375 and sk‑mel‑5 cell lines, was analyzed using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses. The effects of PVT1 expression on cell proliferation, the cell cycle, cell migration and cell invasion were analyzed using MTT assay, flow cytometry, Transwell and scratch assays, respectively. The interaction between PVT1 and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) in melanoma cells was analyzed using RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. The effect of PVT1 on microRNA‑200c (miR‑200c) expression was analyzed by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. PVT1 was highly expressed in the melanoma tissues and cells. Silencing of PVT1 significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and arrested the cell cycle at the G0/G1 stage. Additionally, PVT1 silencing significantly decreased the cyclin D1 expression in the melanoma cells. The expression of E‑cadherin was significantly increased and the expression of N‑cadherin and vimentin was significantly decreased in the PVT1‑silenced group. The RIP assay found that endogenous PVT1 was highly enriched by EZH2 RIP compared with that of the negative control. The ChIP assay revealed that the expression of miR‑200c was decreased significantly in the PVT1‑silenced group compared with the controls. Overall, the present study demonstrated that the lncRNA PVT1 may contribute to the tumorigenesis and metastasis of melanoma through binding to EZH2 and regulating the expression of miR‑200c. lncRNA PVT1 may serve as a potential target for the therapy of melanoma.
IARS2, which encodes the mitochondrial form of isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase, has been found to play an important role in a range of diseases, including cancer. However, the relationship between IARS2 and melanoma is still unclear. To evaluate the role of IARS2 in melanoma, we constructed a stable A375 cell line with IARS2 knockdown via lentivirus-mediated small interfering RNAs. The expression of IARS2 was measured by real time-quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction and western blot analysis. Cell counting, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, and colony formation assay were conducted to assess the effect of IARS2 on melanoma cell proliferation. Flow cytometry assay was used to determine cell apoptosis and cell cycle distribution in melanoma A375 cells. Finally, immunohistochemistry was employed to validate the expression of IARS2 protein in melanoma tissues. In this study it was found that IARS2 was highly expressed in melanoma cell lines. Furthermore, IARS2 protein also exhibited elevated expression in the tumour tissues obtained from melanoma patients. After suppression of the mRNA expression of IARS2, the proliferation and colony formation ability of the A375 cells were significantly inhibited, while the proportion of apoptotic A375 cells increased significantly, as indicated by an enhanced phosphatidylserine externalization and caspase 3/7 activity after IARS2 knockdown. Further investigations found that knockdown of IARS2 arrested cells in the G1 phase. The results suggested that IARS2 is critical for proliferation and apoptosis of melanoma cells.
Abstract Background We investigated the presence of Chlamydia psittaci in poultry and the environment in live poultry wholesale markets in Changsha during 2021–2022 and conducted phylogenetic analysis to understand its distribution in this market. Methods In total, 483 samples were analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction and 17 C. psittaci-positive samples using high-throughput sequencing, BLAST similarity, and phylogenetic analysis. Results Twenty two out of 483 poultry and environmental samples were positive for C. psittaci (overall positivity rate: 4.55%) with no difference in positivity rates over 12 months. Chlamydia psittaci was detected at 11 sampling points (overall positivity rate: 27.5%), including chicken, duck, and pigeon/chicken/duck/goose shops, with pigeon shops having the highest positivity rate (46.67%). The highest positivity rates were found in sewage (12.5%), poultry fecal (7.43%), cage swab (6.59%), avian pharyngeal/anorectal swab (3.33%), and air (2.29%) samples. The ompA sequences were identified in two strains of C. psittaci, which were determined to bear genotype B using phylogenetic analysis. Thus, C. psittaci genotype B was detected in the poultry and environmental samples from the poultry wholesale market in Changsha during monitoring. Conclusions Monitoring programs for C. psittaci in live markets need to be strengthened to address the possible zoonotic threat.
'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(23.036 .093 25.536)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(45.87 1.273 16.18)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(69.945 .996 12.078)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(20.66 -19.689 31.932)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e)