Chlamydia psittaci detected at a live poultry wholesale market in central China
Rusheng ZhangHuiyuan FuCan LuoZheng HuangRuiqing PeiDi YuCaiying ZhuJiayi PengHuiqi HuShan ChenJingfang ChenLamei ChenMingzhong XuXuewen YangRengui Yang
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Chlamydia psittaci
Wholesale market
We conducted a retrospective analysis to explore the clinical characteristics, laboratory examination, imaging features, treatment outcomes, and prognosis of the Chlamydia psittaci (C. psittaci) pneumonia, aiming to improve early diagnosis and treatment.The clinical data of 12 patients with C. psittaci pneumonia diagnosed by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. These data included baseline information, epidemiological history, clinical symptoms and signs, laboratory and chest computed tomography (CT) examination findings, treatment schemes, and prognosis.The average age of the 12 patients was 58.25±13.27 years, and there were 7 (58.3%) males and 5 (41.7%) females in this cohort. Five patients had clear exposure to poultry or birds. The main clinical manifestations included fever (12/12, 100.0%), cough (12/12, 100.0%), expectoration (10/12, 83.3%), and dyspnea (10/12, 83.3%). Laboratory examination showed marked elevation of the total white blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophil (NEUT) count, C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), D-dimer, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), serum creatinine, and creatine kinase (CK) levels; as well as decreased hemoglobin (HGB), blood platelet (PLT), and albumin (ALB) levels. Arterial blood gas analysis showed that the average value of the oxygenation index (PO2/FiO2) was 290.9±83.1, which was less than 300 in 6 cases (50.0%). The main chest CT features were patchy or consolidation in the bilateral or unilateral lungs, and the boundary was not clear but showed a bronchial inflation sign. Also, some of the cases were accompanied by pleural effusion. Once the etiology was obtained, the patients were quickly treated with doxycycline combined with other antibiotics. All 12 patients improved and were discharged from the hospital. However, two severe patients were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and received ventilation and monitoring treatment. There were no deaths.C. psittaci pneumonia is an atypical community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) caused by C. psittaci infection, with its own laboratory and imaging characteristics. In this study, diagnosis was established based on the application of mNGS owing to the absence of easily available conventional pathogenic evidence. In addition, an aggressive and precise treatment strategy can help achieve a favorable prognosis for patients.
Chlamydia psittaci
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[Objective] To provide basic data for prevention and control of Chlamydia infection by investigating infection of Chlamydia pneumonia(Cpn),Chlamydia trachomatis(Ct)and Chlamydia psittacosis(Cps)among attendants in 2004.[Methods]IgA and IgM(Chlamydia pneumonia,Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia psittaci)were measured by IFA.[Results]Infection of Chlamydia were detected:Chlamydia pneumonia(IgA 51.69%),Chlamydia trachomatis(IgA 20.22%),Chlamydia psittacosis(IgA 3.37%).There was no difference of the gender and age distribution of IgA positive ratio(Chlamydia pneumonia,Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia psittaci)in the examined target attendants(P0.05).[Conclusion]Infections of Chlamydia are frequently encountered among the target attendants.The chronic infection of Chlamydia pneumonia should be paid more attention.
Chlamydia psittaci
Psittacosis
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Clinical and serological studies of chlamydial pneumonia were done in six patients (three men and three women). The other three patients had no avian contact and showed almost the same clinical symptom. Acute infection with Chlamydia psittaci and Chlamydia pneumoniae were diagnosed in two patients and in one patient, respectively, by MFA. Because in some cases Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia and Chlamydia pneumoniae pneumonia are difficult to differentiate, it is necessary to use a test that allows different chlamydia species to be distinguished.
Chlamydia psittaci
Psittacosis
Chlamydial infection
Chlamydophila pneumoniae
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Two hens, which died at an age of 42 respectively 45 weeks, showed firstly lesions of endomycosis as sole cause of illness or death at necropsy and in light microscopic investigations. With peroxidase-antiperoxidase-(PAP-)technique and in electron microscopic investigations, however, Chlamydia psittaci were also found in very large numbers in both chickens, and occurred here particularly in lungs, liver, kidneys, spleen, myocard and ovary. The results showed, that endomycosis and chlamydial infections can occur in chickens simultaneously. In such cases of mixed infections the PAP-technique may be very helpful for rapid and reliable detection of Chlamydia psittaci in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded chicken tissues.
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Abstract While well known as a zoonotic pathogen of birds, Chlamydia psittaci is less well recognised as a cause of abortion in mares and severe infection in foals. However, in the past decade it has been causing epizootics of both in south‐eastern Australia, as Charles El‐Hage and James Gilkerson explain.
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The study of the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of infectious process caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae and Chlamydia psittaci in our medium, Cáceres.We are reviewed retrospectively clinical aspects of the patients with infections due to Chlamydia in the las five years. We accepted patients with compatible symptoms and serologic demonstration of recent infection with conventional complement fixation and/or microimmunofluorescence assay, the last used to distinguish Chlamydia pneumoniae.We are studied sixteen patients (9 males and 7 females), sixth median age 46.6 (26-70). Fifteen patients was diagnosed in winter. We found five cases of Chlamydia pneumoniae and three of Chlamydia psittaci. In the other eight cases we didn't distinguish between Chlamydia pneumoniae and Chlamydia psittaci. All patients had fever, accompanied by lung symptoms and pulmonary infiltrates in the 75% of them. The most frequent clinical information was the discord between the pulse and temperature (81%). Splenomegaly was observed in three patients (19%) being the diagnosis of them psitacosis. Nine patients had respiratory insufficiency and eight (50%) disturbance in hepatic enzymes. The clinical presentation in one patients was as unknown origin fever.The infection produced by Chlamydia in the hospitalary medium isn't much diagnosed in our unit. The months of winter favour the infection. We think that splenomegaly is the only different characteristic in these infections, suggesting psitacosis.
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Psittacosis
Chlamydophila pneumoniae
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Nine aborted fetuses and one newborn calf, diagnosed as Chlamydia psittaci (C. psittaci) infection, were pathologically examined. The characteristic lesions in the liver were focal necrosis in 9 aborted fetuses and granulomatous necrotic foci in the newborn calf. Moderate numbers of intranuclear inclusion bodies were found in necrotic foci of the liver, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, adrenal gland, kidney, lung and forestomach. Immunohistologically, a small number of C. psittaci antigens was demonstrated in necrotic foci of the liver and correlated with distribution of elementary bodies. Moderate numbers of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus antigens were also detected in degenerating and necrotizing parenchymal cells in various organs and correlated with distribution of intranuclear inclusion bodies. Thus, these aborted bovine fetuses and newborn calf were interpreted as being dually infected with C. psittaci and IBR virus during pregnancy.
Chlamydia psittaci
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
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Nineteen ewes were injected subcutaneously with the agent of enzootic ovine abortion, Chlamydia psittaci serovar 1, at 50 days gestation. Placental and fetal tissues were examined at 15 days postinfection and thereafter at ten day intervals. Placental infection was detected at 15 days postinfection. Only postinoculation sera collected from postinfected ewes contained antibodies reactive to C. psittaci. Five (26%) chlamydial infected ewes experienced inapparent fetal loss before day 105 of gestation. This finding is significant since C. psittaci infection in sheep is commonly associated with abortion and not infertility.
Chlamydia psittaci
Chlamydiae
Aborted Fetus
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Chlamydia psittaci is the pathogen of psittacosis and infects a wide range of birds and even humans. Human infection occurs most commonly in those with a history of contact with birds or poultry. We describe a case of psittacosis in a human immunodeficiency virus infected patient in Zhejiang Province for the first time. C. psittaci infection was confirmed by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Real-Time PCR. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the sequences from the patient's samples clustered with genotype A in the same branch. Our study highlights the possibility of diagnosing psittacosis in patients with a chronic disease such as HIV-infected patients, and should increase awareness and surveillance of psittacosis in China.
Chlamydia psittaci
Psittacosis
Ornithosis
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