Jinggang Xiang

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

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Wolfgang Ketterle

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Wei Xiong

Peking University

Julius de Hond

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Yueyang Zhai

Beihang University

Xuzong Chen

Peking University

Shifeng Yang

Peking University

Tianwei Zhou

University of Florence

Xuguang Yue

Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics

Chen Li

Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology

Enid Cruz-Colón

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Cooperative Institutions

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Peking University

Tsinghua University

MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms

Honeywell (United States)

State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics

ColdQuanta, Inc., DBA Infleqtion (United States)

Chinese Academy of Sciences

Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics

Shanghai Jiao Tong University

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Preparation of the spin-Mott state: a spinful Mott insulator of repulsively bound pairs

Jinggang Xiang Julius de Hond Enid Cruz-Col ́on Woo Chang Chung Wenlan Chen

We observe and study a special ground state of bosons with two spin states in an optical lattice: the spin-Mott insulator, a state that consists of repulsively bound pairs which is insulating for both spin and charge transport.Because of the pairing gap created by the interaction anisotropy, it can be prepared with low entropy and can serve as a starting point for adiabatic state preparation.We find that the stability of the spin-Mott state depends on the pairing energy, and observe two qualitatively different decay regimes, one of which exhibits protection by the gap.

Mott insulator

Desk

Mott transition

10.26226/m.6275705d66d5dcf63a311631

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Citations (1)

Fast Wide‐Field Quantum Sensor Based on Solid‐State Spins Integrated with a SPAD Array

Advanced Quantum Technologies (2023)

Guoqing Wang Francesca Madonini Boning Li Changhao Li Jinggang Xiang

Abstract Achieving fast, sensitive, and parallel measurement of a large number of quantum particles is an essential task in building large‐scale quantum platforms for different quantum information processing applications such as sensing, computation, simulation, and communication. Current quantum platforms in experimental atomic and optical physics based on CMOS sensors and charged coupled device cameras are limited by either low sensitivity or slow operational speed. Here an array of single‐photon avalanche diodes is integrated with solid‐state spin defects in diamond to build a fast wide‐field quantum sensor, achieving a frame rate up to 100 kHz. The design of the experimental setup to perform spatially resolved imaging of quantum systems is presented. A few exemplary applications, including sensing DC and AC magnetic fields, temperature, strain, local spin density, and charge dynamics, are experimentally demonstrated using a nitrogen‐vacancy ensemble diamond sample. The developed photon detection array is broadly applicable to other platforms such as atom arrays trapped in optical tweezers, optical lattices, donors in silicon, and rare earth ions in solids.

Quantum sensor

Quantum imaging

Quantum Metrology

10.1002/qute.202300046

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Citations (32)

Deep cooling of optically trapped atoms implemented by magnetic levitation without transverse confinement

Review of Scientific Instruments (2017)

Chen Li Tianwei Zhou Yueyang Zhai Jinggang Xiang Tian Luan

We report a setup for the deep cooling of atoms in an optical trap. The deep cooling is implemented by eliminating the influence of gravity using specially constructed magnetic coils. Compared to the conventional method of generating a magnetic levitating force, the lower trap frequency achieved in our setup provides a lower limit of temperature and more freedoms to Bose gases with a simpler solution. A final temperature as low as ∼6nK is achieved in the optical trap, and the atomic density is decreased by nearly two orders of magnitude during the second stage of evaporative cooling. This deep cooling of optically trapped atoms holds promise for many applications, such as atomic interferometers, atomic gyroscopes, and magnetometers, as well as many basic scientific research directions, such as quantum simulations and atom optics.

Magnetic trap

Atom optics

Trap (plumbing)

Ultracold atom

Magnetic Levitation

Atom interferometer

Evaporative cooler

10.1063/1.4982348

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Citations (6)

In situ imaging of the thermal de Broglie wavelength in an ultracold Bose gas

arXiv (Cornell University) (2024)

Jinggang Xiang Enid Cruz-Colón C.L. Chua William R. Milner Julius de Hond

We report the first in situ observation of density fluctuations on the scale of the thermal de Broglie wavelength in an ultracold gas of bosons. Bunching of $^{87}$Rb atoms in a quasi two-dimensional system is observed by single-atom imaging using a quantum gas microscope. Compared to a classical ensemble, we observe a 30 percent enhancement of the second-order correlation function. We show the spatial and thermal dependence of these correlations. The reported method of detecting in situ correlations can be applied to interacting many-body systems and to the study of critical phenomena near phase transitions.

Matter wave

10.48550/arxiv.2411.08779

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Preparation of the Spin-Mott State: A Spinful Mott Insulator of Repulsively Bound Pairs

Physical Review Letters (2022)

Julius de Hond Jinggang Xiang Woo Chang Chung Enid Cruz-Colón Wenlan Chen

We observe and study a special ground state of bosons with two spin states in an optical lattice: the spin-Mott insulator, a state that consists of repulsively bound pairs that is insulating for both spin and charge transport. Because of the pairing gap created by the interaction anisotropy, it can be prepared with low entropy and can serve as a starting point for adiabatic state preparation. We find that the stability of the spin-Mott state depends on the pairing energy, and observe two qualitatively different decay regimes, one of which exhibits protection by the gap.

Mott insulator

Mott transition

Optical lattice

10.1103/physrevlett.128.093401

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Citations (16)

Fast wide-field quantum sensor based on solid-state spins integrated with a SPAD array

arXiv (Cornell University) (2023)

Guoqing Wang Francesca Madonini Boning Li Changhao Li Jinggang Xiang

Achieving fast, sensitive, and parallel measurement of a large number of quantum particles is an essential task in building large-scale quantum platforms for different quantum information processing applications such as sensing, computation, simulation, and communication. Current quantum platforms in experimental atomic and optical physics based on CMOS sensors and CCD cameras are limited by either low sensitivity or slow operational speed. Here we integrate an array of single-photon avalanche diodes with solid-state spin defects in diamond to build a fast wide-field quantum sensor, achieving a frame rate up to 100~kHz. We present the design of the experimental setup to perform spatially resolved imaging of quantum systems. A few exemplary applications, including sensing DC and AC magnetic fields, temperature, strain, local spin density, and charge dynamics, are experimentally demonstrated using an NV ensemble diamond sample. The developed photon detection array is broadly applicable to other platforms such as atom arrays trapped in optical tweezers, optical lattices, donors in silicon, and rare earth ions in solids.

Quantum sensor

Quantum imaging

Quantum Metrology

10.48550/arxiv.2302.12743

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Citations (0)

Tunable Single-Ion Anisotropy in Spin-1 Models Realized with Ultracold Atoms

Physical Review Letters (2021)

Woo Chang Chung Julius de Hond Jinggang Xiang Enid Cruz-Colón Wolfgang Ketterle

Mott insulator plateaus in optical lattices are a versatile platform to study spin physics. Using sites occupied by two bosons with an internal degree of freedom, we realize a uniaxial single-ion anisotropy term proportional to $(S^z)^2$, which plays an important role in stabilizing magnetism for low-dimensional magnetic materials. Here we explore non-equilibrium spin dynamics and observe a resonant effect in the spin anisotropy as a function of lattice depth when exchange coupling and on-site anisotropy are similar. Our results are supported by many-body numerical simulations and are captured by the analytical solution of a two-site model.

Mott insulator

Magnetism

Optical lattice

Ultracold atom

Lattice (music)

10.1103/physrevlett.126.163203

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Citations (31)

Optical Talbot carpet with atomic density gratings obtained by standing-wave manipulation

Physical review. A/Physical review, A (2017)

Chen Li Tianwei Zhou Yueyang Zhai Xuguang Yue Jinggang Xiang

We report a method of generating atomic density gratings by standing-wave manipulation of ultracold Bose gases. By illuminating the gratings with a beam of homogeneous light, we observe one- and two-dimensional Talbot carpets. We further measure the autocorrelation function of the images, which varies with image plane position caused by Talbot effect. Periodically repeated self-images and subimages of the atomic density gratings are observed clearly. Our theoretical calculations and experimental results agree well with each other. The atomic density gratings hold promise for substituting for traditional gratings in many applications.

Talbot effect

Standing wave

Position (finance)

Atomic beam

10.1103/physreva.95.033821

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Citations (13)

Two-Dimensional Talbot Effect with Atomic Density Gratings

Chinese Physics Letters (2017)

Chen Li Tianwei Zhou Jinggang Xiang Yueyang Zhai Xuguang Yue

We report the experimental observation of two-dimensional Talbot effect when a resonance plane wave interacts with a two-dimensional atomic density grating generated by standing wave manipulation of ultracold Bose gases. Clear self-images of the grating and sub-images with reversed phase or fractal patterns are observed. By calculating the autocorrelation functions of the images, the behavior of periodic Talbot images is studied. The Talbot effect with two-dimensional atomic density grating expands the applications of the Talbot effect in a wide variety of research fields.

Talbot effect

Moiré pattern

10.1088/0256-307x/34/8/084207

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Citations (3)

High precision calibration of optical lattice depth based on multiple pulses Kapitza-Dirac diffraction

Optics Express (2018)

Tianwei Zhou Kaixiang Yang Yueyang Zhai Xuguang Yue Shifeng Yang

The precise calibration of optical lattice depth is an important step in the experiments of ultracold atoms in optical lattices. The Raman-Nath diffraction method, as the most commonly used method of calibrating optical lattice depth, has a limited range of validity and the calibration accuracy is not high enough. Based on multiple pulses Kapitza-Dirac diffraction, we propose and demonstrate a new calibration method by measuring the fully transfer fidelity of the first diffraction order. The high sensitivity of the transfer fidelity to the lattice depth ensures the highly precision calibration of the optical lattice depth. For each lattice depth measured, the calibration uncertainty is further reduced to less than 0.6% by applying the Back-Propagation Neural Network Algorithm. The accuracy of this method is almost one order of magnitude higher than that of the Raman-Nath diffraction method, and it has a wide range of validity applicable to both shallow lattices and deep lattices.

Optical lattice

Lattice (music)

10.1364/oe.26.016726

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Citations (6)