In 1997 extensive and severe termite damage was reported in Palenciana, a small town in the Southwest of Cordoba. Following the inspection that showed nearly half of the buildings in the town were infested, we put forwardan control project taking into account the characteristics of Spanish urbanization and construction practice. The province of Cordoba is administratively divided into 74 towns plus the capital. The remaining towns were also surveyed for infestations in order to determine the impact of termites on the province. We have found termites in buildings in 66 (88%) towns. Although we did not find termites in 9 (12%) towns, this does not necessarily imply their absence there. The extent of the termite damage in each town varies. In 33 (45%) towns damage has been found in only a few houses but, one or more extended areas were affected in the rest. A more elaborate survey was done in Palenciana by using markrecapture methods to estimate foraging ranges and population sizes for some colonies. In Palenciana we have information from 350 of the approximately 640 houses, in which we found termite damage in 164. Because the affected area is clearly defined we have established a zone of 308 buildings (48.1% of the town), in which the damaged houses represent 53.2% of the zone but, we can anticipate that all will be eventually affected if no treatments are applied. Foraging territories of 6 colonies surveyed ranged from 50 to 2342 m 2 , with estimated populations of 157,846 to 5,200,000 termites per colony.
The discovery of several members of the genus Coletinia Wygodzinsky, 1980, from subterranean habitats (endogean and troglobiont), prompted the review of this genus in the Iberian Peninsula. Most of the samples came from caves of the Mediterranean basin of Spain, from Cádiz to the Tarragona province. As a result of this revision, nine new species have been established: C. herculea n. sp., an endogean from Cádiz; C. vergitana n. sp. from the Gádor calcareous mountains in Almería; C. calaforrai n. sp. from the gypsum karst in Almería; C. intermedia n. sp. from caves in Murcia and Alicante; C. diania n. sp., found in the north of the province of Alicante; C. longitibia n. sp. and C. tessella n. sp., both troglobites from Valencia; C. redetecta n. sp. from Castellón caves and finally C. hernandoi n. sp., an endogean from Tarragona. Moreover, Coletinia maggii (Grassi, 1887) is reported for the first time in the Iberian Peninsula, and new data are presented regarding C. mendesi, C. tinautiand C. capolongoi that widen their geographic distribution and enhance the information about their anatomic characteristics and biology. These results increase the number of known species of this genus to 14 in the region and to 21 in the world. The new species are described and compared with the most closely related previously known species of the genus. Characters with the most taxonomic relevance are discussed using optical and scanning microscope studies. A key for the identification of the Iberian Coletinia species and a distribution map including all of them are also provided.
A new Machilinus: M. fortunatus n. sp. from Tenerife island is described. It is included in the rupestris group and compared with the species of the aforementioned group.
FIGURES 42‒47. Lepidospora (Brinckiletinia) malousjanica n. subgen., n. sp. 42. Pronotum and right side of the meso- and metanotum, showing chaetotaxy (the left anterolateral corner of the pronotum is slightly broken). 43. Micrograph of the protibia. 44. Metatibia and apical part of the femur. 45. Pretarsus. 46. Urotergites I and II, showing their chaetotaxy (most macrosetae of the hind border are lost and only their insertions are represented). 47. SEM photograph of the urotergite X of a male (paratype) in lateral view, showing the posterolateral angles curved downwards. All illustrations and micrographs of holotype.Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
Several samples belonging to the genus Ctenolepisma Escherich, 1905 collected in western Iran allow us to describe three new species: Ctenolepisma iranicum n. sp., C. sagartianum n. sp. and C. kermanshanum n. sp. Ctenolepisma iranicum n. sp. belongs to the nominate subgenus Ctenolepisma sensu stricto and is closely related to C. ciliatum and C. armeniacum. The other two new species belong to the subgenus Sceletolepisma. They are compared mainly with Asian species belonging to this subgenus, which is reported for the first time in Iran. Moreover, Ctenolepisma sagartianum n. sp. and C. kermanshanum n. sp. show a chaetotaxy that includes them in the species group “villosa”, being characterized by bearing a median comb on urosternites II‒VI. Additionally, Ctenolepisma armeniacum is reported for the first time in Iran and the male of this species is described. The total number of species of Ctenolepisma known for Iran is seven, although the occurrence of C. mauritanicum has not been confirmed. An identification key for these species is presented.
A survey of wingless insects belonging to the orders Microcoryphia (=Archaeognatha) and Zygentoma (=Thysanura s. str.) has been performed in subterranean habitats of central Iran. As a result, several new species have been discovered. In this work, three new species are described: a new species of bristletail of the family Machilidae, Haslundiellairanicasp. n., a new silverfish of the family Lepismatidae, Ctenolepismasubterraneumsp. n., and a new Nicoletiidae, Lepidospora (Brinckina) momtazianasp. n. These new taxa are compared with related species in their respective genera and keys for their identification are provided: one for all known species of Haslundiella and one for all basal insects of subterranean environments of Iran which includes those previously reported. Moreover, the previously published keys of Iranian Ctenolepisma and the subgenus Brinckina are modified to include the new species. Three additional species of Lepismatidae are reported in this work: Neoasterolepìsma palmonii and Ctenolepismatargionii are newly recorded from Iran and both species, together with Acrotelsacollaris, are cited for the first time in the subterranean habitats. This survey progresses the knowledge on the biodiversity of these insects in Iran.
Abstract A new hole-cleaning process applied in a PDVSA Servicios Drilling Project, in the Heavy Oil Orinoco Belt, Bolivarian Republik of Venezuela saved 3 rig days and reduced the stuck-pipe risk and avoided damage to the MWD/LWD BHA and PDC bit. A long sought solution for effective wellbore cleaning was validated. Applied the first time, this concept provides a novel integrated solution for hole-cleaning, is transferrable to other well construction projects, is reducing project costs, lessens lost-in-hole BHAs and significantly reduces flat drilling time & invisible lost time. Effective hole-cleaning is the main challenge of any deviated drilling operation, with problems in cuttings and cuttings beds removal. Even optimized mud flow rates, with reciprocal and rotational pipe movements physically cannot completely remove cutting beds. The herewith presented solution constitutes to incorporate a non-rotational scraper assembly into the drill string, applied together with an engineered and optimized hole-cleaning process. With no access to dedicated casing cleaning tools, the 9 5/8” casing was cleaned from cuttings by back-reaming inside the casing with the BHA drill string, requiring minimum 2-3 runs and 2 days, and causing excessive wear on casing, BHA and PDC bit. After drilling the 8 ½” section, the new concept was to place a non-rotational scraper assembly into the drill string, allowing only minimum POOH of DP stands as part of the scheduled final openhole wiper trip activity, followed by RIH back to TD – and as such completing the openhole wiper trip without the need of tripping the drill string to surface. The tested solution eliminated all back-reaming inside casing and ensured a full 360° casing contact cleaning prior to RIH the liner, guaranteeing the casing is free of cuttings and also eliminating any additional round nose mill trips. The scraper never moved outside the 9 5/8” casing. This first application of RIH a scraper as part of the drill string gave outstanding results with 3 rig days been saved and a smooth RIH of the liner.
Carmen BACH DE ROCA, Luis F. MENDES, Rafael MOLERO and Miquel GAJU. 2009. A new NeomachilellusWYGODZINSKY, 1953 (Microcoryphia: Meinertellidae) from Puerto Rico. Acta zoologica cracoviensia, 52B(1-2): 101-107. Abstract. A new species of Neomachilellus (Praeneomachilellus) bristletail (Meinertellidae: Microcoryphia) from Puerto Rico is described and compared with the closest fossil species Neomachilellus (Praeneomachilellus) dominicanus STURM & POINAR, 1997 and also with the known remaining species of this mostly Neotropical genus. Microcoryphia is reported from Puerto Rico for the first time.