Oxygen is very important to the existence of life. Oxygen deficiency, defined as hypoxia, elicits adaptive responses in cells and tissues. Lower oxygen concentration can cause the alteration of renal function, affects the maintenance of a balance of the body fluids, electrolytes, pH, and blood pressure homeostasis. Impaired fluid regulation could, in addition, contribute to the precipitation of pulmonary edema and exacerbate hypoxemia which may accelerate the progression of chronic kidney disease. In this context, the present study attempted to evaluate the association of renal injury and oxidative stress at different atmospheric pressures (1829, 3657, and 5486 m). Limited fecal analysis of experimental animals was also done to evaluate the impact of hypobaric hypoxia on the composition of dominant gastrointestinal microbiota. The study was performed on 24 male Wister strain rats and divided into four groups (C, HA-I, HA-II, and HA-III), and exposure was carried out for seven days period. In hypoxic exposure rats, plasma urea, creatinine, electrolytes and malonaldehyde level elevated and catalase and superoxide dismutase level diminished significantly compared to the controls. Increase in blood uremia profile, toxicity markers, and lipid peroxidation marker enzymes indicated that hypoxia causes renal failure. Histological structures of the kidney of group HA-II and HA-III animals showed severe disorganization of glomerulus and dilation of renal tubules. These results indicate nephrotoxicity or acute renal failure can occur at hypobaric hypoxia and it also affected the gut microbial population. This alteration was observed significantly above 3000 m.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Alcoholic extract of Terminalia arjuna [TA] was evaluated far its hepatoprotective activity against carbon tetrachloride (CCl)-induced hepatic damage in rats. The hepatoprotective activity of TA was evaluated by measuring levels of serum marker enzymes like serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum alkaline phosphatase (SALP). The serum levels of total proteins(TP), total albumins (TAL) and bilirubin (BILN) were also estimated. The histological studies were also carried out to support the above parameters. Silymarin (SM) was used as standard drug. Administration of TA (250 and 500 mg/kg/po) markedly prevented CCl-induced elevation of levels of SGOT, SGPT, SALP, TP, TAL and BILN. These biochemical observations were supplemented by histopathological examination of liver sections. Alcoholic extract of TA also shown significant in-vitro free radical scavenging activity against 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide (NO) radicals. Thus, the present study provides a scientific rationale for the traditional use of this plant in the management of liver diseases.
Background & aimsChronic kidney disease (CKD) is rapidly heading towards epidemic proportion globally, requires dialysis or kidney transplantation. No generally applicable therapies to slow progression of renal disease are available. The aim of this study was to evaluate Lactobacillus plantarum AD3 as an effective probiotic strain for acetaminophen induced uremic patient.MethodsPlasma uremic profiles, oxidative stress marker, DNA fragmentation assay of kidney tissue and kidney histological studies were investigated on acetaminophen-induced uremic rats (Wister strain albino male). Limited fecal matter analysis and HPLC of intestinal fluid were also performed.ResultsIn APAP treated rats, plasma urea, creatinine (Cr), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and malonaldehyde (MDA) level elevated significantly compared to negative control. However, level of plasma urea, creatinine, GOT and MDA in tested rats were significantly lower in comparison to uremic control (p < 0.05). Electrolytes profile of the tested plasma samples were in acceptable range. Glomerular necrosis, DNA damage of uremic rats were also significantly lowered. In contrast, SCFAs have been associated with attenuated kidney damage by protecting against oxidative stress.ConclusionThe urease positive probiotic L. plantarum AD3 strain have the antioxidative and antiuremic efficacy in acetaminophen induced experimental rats.
To investigate phytochemical screening, antimicrobial activity and qualitative thin layer chromatographic separation of flavonoid components, antioxidant activity and total flavonoid compound of Terminalia arjuna.
Background: Curd is an important fermented food which is generally consumed by the community people in large scale and becomes a functional upon incorporating probiotics-live microorganisms due to a great variety of positive health effects.
Methods: In this study, pure cultures of Lactobacillus casei (MTCC1408), L fermentum (MTCC 903), L rhamnosus (MTCC1462), L ingluviei ADK10 (GenBank Accession No-JQ395039), Enterococcus faecium ADK18 (KF032592.1), E durans ADK14 (KF032593.1) and Streptococcus thermophillus (MTCC 1938) were inoculated to pasteurized Amul Milk separately to produce curd. Different physiochemical and antimicrobial characteristic of curd against some pathogen were analyzed to assay the quality of curd.
Results: The results of the study revealed that the moisture content of the curd samples ranged between 86.36%- 88.71% and the pH values of the samples ranged between 3.96-5.43, which were reasonably suitable for curd processing industries in tropical countries. Titratable acidity (0.81-1.71), protein (range 1.4g-9.6g) and fat (2.2g-6.8 g) content also varied with respect to different lactic acid bacterial strains. All seven lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains showed their antagonistic activity (zone of inhibition 5-10 mm) against four enteropathogenic bacterial strains (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumonia ATCC 15380, Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633). L ingluviei ADK10 and L. rhamnosus strains showed wide inhibitory spectrum against all the tested strains.
Conclusions: It can be conclude that the physiochemical parameters were varies according to their starter culture with antimicrobial activity against some entero-pathogens and has been fruitful starter culture for the preparation of curd having better health promoting effects.
Key words: Curd, Physiochemial evaluation, antagonistic activity.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
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