The time-independent performance of a micropolar nanofluid under the influence of magneto hydrodynamics and the existence of a porous medium on a stretching sheet has been investigated. Nano-sized particles were incorporated in the base fluid because of their properties such as their extraordinary heat-enhancing ability, which plays a very important role in modern nanotechnology, cooling electronic devices, various types of heat exchangers, etc. The effects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis are accounted for in this comprehensive study. Using similarity conversion, the leading equations based on conservation principles are non-dimensionalized with various parameters yielding a set of ODEs. The numerical approach boundary value problem fourth-order method (bvp4c) was implemented as listed in the MATLAB computational tool. The purpose of this examination was to study and analyze the influence of different parameters on velocity, micro-rotation, concentration, and temperature profiles. The primary and secondary velocities reduced against the higher inputs of boundary concentration, rotation, porosity, and magnetic parameters, however, the base fluid temperature distribution grows with the increasing values of these parameters. The micro-rotation distribution increased against the rising strength of the Lorentz force and a decline is reported against the growing values of the micropolar material and rotational parameters.
The current study used single and two-phase modeling to numerically explore three-dimen-sional the turbulent forced convection of a hybrid nanofluid passing through a non-uniformly heated parabolic trough solar collector (PTC) for increasing heat transfer. The typical heat flux profile on the receiver’s absorber outer wall was addressed by a finite volume method (FVM) and the MCRT method. The results demonstrated that the single and two-phase models pro-duced almost similar hydrodynamic results but dissimilar thermal ones. It was found that the results of mixture model matched the experimental ones. The results also illustrated that the hybrid nanofluid gives the highest thermal performance for a mixture composed of 1.5% copper + 0.5% alumina dispersed in the water.
A 3D computational fluid dynamics method is used in the current study to investigate the hybrid nanofluid (HNF) flow and heat transfer in an annulus with hot and cold rods. The chief goal of the current study is to examine the influences of dissimilar Reynolds numbers, emissivity coefficients, and dissimilar volume fractions of nanoparticles on hydraulic and thermal characteristics of the studied annulus. In this way, the geometry is modeled using a symmetry scheme. The heat transfer fluid is a water, ethylene–glycol, or water/ethylene–glycol mixture-based Cu-Al2O3 HNF, which is a Newtonian NF. According to the findings for the model at Re = 3000 and ϕ1 = 0.05, all studied cases with different base fluids have similar behavior. ϕ1 and ϕ2 are the volume concentration of Al2O3 and Cu nanoparticles, respectively. For all studied cases, the total average Nusselt number (Nuave) reduces firstly by an increment of the volume concentrations of Cu nanoparticles until ϕ2 = 0.01 or 0.02 and then, the total Nuave rises by an increment of the volume concentrations of Cu nanoparticles. Additionally, for the case with water as the base fluid, the total Nuave at ϕ2 = 0.05 is higher than the values at ϕ2 = 0.00. On the other hand, for the other cases, the total Nuave at ϕ2 = 0.05 is lower than the values at ϕ2 = 0.00. For all studied cases, the case with water as the base fluid has the maximum Nuave. Plus, for the model at Re = 4000 and ϕ1 = 0.05, all studied cases with different base fluids have similar behavior. For all studied cases, the total Nuave reduces firstly by an increment of the volume concentrations of Cu nanoparticles until ϕ2 = 0.01 and then, the total Nuave rises by an increment of the volume concentrations of Cu nanoparticles. The Nuave augments are found by an increment of Reynolds numbers. Higher emissivity values should lead to higher radiation heat transfer, but the portion of radiative heat transfer in the studied annulus is low and therefore, has no observable increment in HNF flow and heat transfer.
: This paper gives a comprehensive overview and understanding related with mixed convection in cylinders. About onehundred papers which are published in different local and international journals and conferences started from the past decade until the recent years are collected and described in various sections to give both researchers and readers a good overview and a solid background about mixed convection flow and heat transfer in cylinders to develop their future researches. In addition, the papers reviewed including numerical, analytical and experimental works related with mixed convection in cylinders are grouped into categories which collect papers with the same research subject. Moreover, mixed convection in horizontal , vertical and rotating cylinders subjected to a different boundary conditions as well as cylinders embedded inside a channel , annulus and cavity are described and reviewed.
The optimisation of heat transfer, which is the transition of thermal energy from regions of high temperature to those of lower temperature, is a cornerstone in the field of thermal sciences and engineering.It is of vital importance to maximise energy efficiency, ensure system performance, and uphold operational reliability across numerous industrial applications.In this context, recent investigations have explored the modification of heat transfer rates through the turbulence induced by air-bubble injections.The technique has found application in heat exchangers, solar stills, and solar collectors, where it can be employed to either augment or attenuate heat transmission.The majority of the research has been dedicated to enhancing thermal efficiency, with both theoretical models and experimental data underpinning our current understanding.This review provides a critical analysis of over 45 studies from the literature, which have examined the implications of air bubble injection across various realms of industry, including heat exchangers, water desalination systems, solar collectors, and diverse media.Our analysis underscores the profound impact of heat transfer rates on process productivity, efficiency, and costeffectiveness across a gamut of applications.A range of industrial processes, such as cooling, heating, evaporation, and condensation, all rely heavily on efficient heat exchange.Enhancements in heat transfer rates hold the potential to curtail energy losses, reduce fuel consumption, and subsequently lower operational costs in industrial applications like solar thermal systems.Moreover, efficient heat transfer is pivotal in minimising temperature variations, thereby contributing to consistent outcomes.