通过2019年4、7、10月对网围拆除后东太湖原网围养殖区和非养殖区鱼类资源的调查监测，构建“营养-运动”复合功能群，分析探讨鱼类功能群的时空分布特征及其与环境因子的关系.结果表明：网围拆除后东太湖鱼类群落监测到39种，鲤科鱼类占比66.67%，与太湖相当（66%）.采集到的鱼类可构建为4个营养功能群和5个运动功能群，共计11个复合功能群，其中“杂食性-纺锤体型且运动能力强”功能群占比最大，比例为41.34%；其次为“初级肉食性-纺锤体型且运动能力强”、“植食性-纺锤体型且运动能力强”、“次级肉食性-纺锤体型且运动能力强”功能群，占比分别为28.70%、13.46%、13.40%，其他功能群占比较少.在季节变化上，4—10月，原网围养殖区一直以“杂食-强纺锤”鱼类功能群为主，非养殖区则是从“杂食性-纺锤体型且运动能力强”+“植食性-纺锤体型且运动能力强”功能群为主向“初级肉食性-纺锤体型且运动能力强”功能群为主演变；空间分布上原网围养殖区杂食性、次级肉食性、植食性鱼类功能群密度大于非养殖区，初级肉食性功能群密度小于非养殖区.环境因子中氨氮是影响原网围区鱼类功能群结构分布的显著影响因子，且与所有鱼类功能群分布呈负相关.pH、总磷、总氮、溶解氧等也是影响鱼类功能群分布的主要环境因子，但其影响并未达到显著水平.鱼类功能群分析表明网围拆除对东太湖鱼类群落恢复及生态系统修复具有积极作用，但仍需对网围拆除后鱼类群落及自然环境的演变规律进一步探讨和分析.;Based on the investigation and monitoring of fish resources in the original net enclosure (ONE) and no net enclosure (NNE) areas of East Lake Taihu after the removal of net enclosure (RNE) in April, July and October 2019, the trophic-locomotion combined functional group was constructed, and their spatio-temporal distribution characteristics and their relationship with environmental factors were analyzed. The results showed that 39 species of fish were detected in East Lake Taihu after the RNE, and the proportion of Cyprinidae fish was 66.67%, which was similar to that in Lake Taihu (66%). The collected fish could be divided into 4 trophic and 5 locomotion groups, with a total of 11 combined groups, among which the group omnivorous, spindle body type with the strong locomotor ability accounted for the largest proportion (41.34%). The followed functional groups were primary carnivorous-spindle body type and strong locomotor ability, plant carnivorous-spindle body type and strong locomotor ability, secondary carnivorous-spindle body type and strong locomotor ability, accounting for 28.70%, 13.46% and 13.40%, respectively. In terms of seasonal change, the omnivorous, spindle body type with strong locomotor ability group was dominant in the ONE, while in the NNE, the dominant functional group evolved from omnivorous-spindle body type with strong locomotor ability + herbivores-spindle body type with the strong athletic ability to primary carnivorous-spindle body type with the strong locomotor ability. Spatially, the density of omnivorous, secondary carnivorous and herbivorous fish in the ONE was higher than that in the NNE, while the functional group density of primary carnivorous fish was lower than that in the NNE. Among the environmental factors, ammonia nitrogen was the significant factor affecting the distribution of functional groups of fish in the ONE and was negatively correlated with the distribution of all functional groups. pH, total phosphorus, total nitrogen and dissolved oxygen were also the main environmental factors, but not significantly affecting the distribution of fish functional groups. The RNE has a positive effect on the restoration of the fish community and ecosystem remediation in East Lake Taihu. However, the evolution of the fish community and the natural environment after the RNE still needs to be further assessed.
Background The objective of this study is to study the adverse effects of coal mining environment on workers to discover early effective biomarkers. Methods The molecular epidemiological study was conducted with 502 in-service workers, who were divided into miner and auxiliary. We measured the individual levels of dust exposure for participants. Clinical examinations were conducted by qualified doctors. Peripheral blood was collected to measure biochemistry, hemogram, and karyocyte apoptosis. Results All workers were healthy who have not found with any diseases that can be diagnosed medically in the physical examination and showed no difference in dust exposure level, age, height, weight, and body mass index between groups. The working years of miners were lower than that of auxiliaries ( p < 0.001). Compared with auxiliaries, the concentration and percentage of lymphocytes ( p = 0.040, p = 0.012), basophils ( p = 0.027, p = 0.034), and red blood cells ( p < 0.001) and the concentration of hemoglobin of miners were lower ( p < 0.001). The percentage of neutrophils ( p = 0.003), the concentration of mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration ( p = 0.002), and the proportion of karyocyte apoptosis in miners were higher ( p < 0.001). Miners presented higher blood urea nitrogen ( p < 0.001), ratio of blood urea nitrogen to creatinine ( p < 0.001), the high density lipoprotein cholesterol ( p < 0.001), lower creatinine ( p < 0.05), and cholesterol ( p < 0.001). Conclusion The coal mining environment impacted mining workers’ immune function, renal function, and the hematopoietic system, including BUN/CRE, HGB, RBC, and LYMPH, which could be used as early biomarkers to screen the health of coal miners.
Farming operation and amino acid profiles of pond-reared Chinese mitten crabs, Eriocheir sinensis (Milne Edwards, 1853), collected from different areas in Jiangsu Province, China were investigated and compared with the aim to elucidate how farming practices affected the nutritional values of three edible tissues (muscle, hepatopancreas and gonad) of crab .The crab pond aquaculture practices including snail input, macrophytes coverage, total commercial feed, the ratio of trash fish to total feed, were much higher in Gaochun and Jintan than that in other sites (having larger pond size), which leads to higher average individual body weight and commercial yields.Further, the mean body weight, muscle weight, carapace length and width, and the ratio of gonad to hepatopancreas were significantly higher in Jintan, Suzhou and Gaochun areas than in other regions.Amino acid assessment showed that all crabs collected delivered high-quality protein (Amino acid score >1 except Valine), the main amino acids being Glutamic acid, Aspartic acid, and Alanine.Significant differences in amino acid profiles were observed between sites, tissues and sexes.Muscles were rich in total amino acids, essential amino acids, and delicious amino acids, followed by gonads and hepatopancreas.The contents of essential amino acids in crab muscles from Gaochun, Jintan, Suzhou and Guannan were significantly higher than those from Suqian, Sihong and Xinghua.All the amino acids except Serine and Glycine were significantly higher in gonads from males than from females.The redundancy analysis revealed that the snail input, trash fish ratio to the total feed, macrophytes coverage and total trash fish supply explained 84.3% of the variation in the amino acid content and structure in crabs from Gaochun, Jintan and Suzhou.Overall, our results show that mitten crabs collected in Jiangsu province had good nutritional quality suitable for human dietary needs, and that farming practices, especially degree of fish-source protein
BackgroundThe Asian clam (Corbicula fluminea) is currently one of the most economically important aquatic species in China and has been used as a test organism in many environmental studies. However, the lack of genomic resources, such as sequenced genome, expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and transcriptome sequences has hindered the research on C. fluminea. Recent advances in large-scale RNA-Seq enable generation of genomic resources in a short time, and provide large expression datasets for functional genomic analysis. Methodology/Principal FindingsWe used a next-generation high-throughput DNA sequencing technique with an Illumina GAIIx method to analyze the transcriptome from the whole bodies of C. fluminea. More than 62,250,336 high-quality reads were generated based on the raw data, and 134,684 unigenes with a mean length of 791 bp were assembled using the Velvet and Oases software. All of the assembly unigenes were annotated by running BLASTx and BLASTn similarity searches on the Nt, Nr, Swiss-Prot, COG and KEGG databases. In addition, the Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COGs), Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) annotations were also assigned to each unigene transcript. To provide a preliminary verification of the assembly and annotation results, and search for potential environmental pollution biomarkers, 15 functional genes (five antioxidase genes, two cytochrome P450 genes, three GABA receptor-related genes and five heat shock protein genes) were cloned and identified. Expressions of the 15 selected genes following fluoxetine exposure confirmed that the genes are indeed linked to environmental stress. Conclusions/SignificanceThe C. fluminea transcriptome advances the underlying molecular understanding of this freshwater clam, provides a basis for further exploration of C. fluminea as an environmental test organism and promotes further studies on other bivalve organisms.
Abstract The corn starch wastewater was treated by the combination of “IC anaerobic + two-stage AO biochemical + modified Fenton”. The design parameters and treatment effects of the main construction sections of the project were introduced. The operation results of the project show that the combined process has a good treatment effect on corn starch wastewater. In the case where the average concentration of COD in the influent water is 17640 mg/L, the average concentration of NH 3 -N is 91.1 mg/L, and the average concentration of TN is 1266 mg/L. The average concentration of the COD, NH 3 -N and TN in the effluent water after treatment are 36mg/L, 1.2mg/L and 11.6mg/L, respectively, which meets the design standard requirements. The process control method of using some high-concentration organic wastewater beyond the anaerobic section can achieve the standard treatment of total nitrogen without the need of external supplementary carbon source, which has significant economic benefits.
Noonan Syndrome (NS) is an inherited autosome dominant disorder syndrome, which can be caused by the mutations of serine/threonine kinase rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma 1 (RAF1) gene. Here, an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line named WMUi022-A derived from urine cells (UCs) of a 9-year-old male NS patient with the heterozygote RAF1 gene mutation p.S257L (c.770C > T) was established through the commercial Sendai virus reprogramming kit. The pluripotent markers like OCT4 and SOX2 can be expressed positively in WMUi022-A, which can be induced into three germ layers in vitro as well as maintain a normal karyotype (46, XY).
Batch reactors always suffer from inefficient transport properties, discontinuity, and scale-up effects, challenging the particle size control, reproducibility, and large-scale production of noble metal-reduced graphene oxide composites. To address these issues, a microfluidic-based strategy for the continuous synthesis of highly uniform Ag nanoparticles (NPs) over reduced graphene oxide (Ag-rGO composites) was developed in this study. Ag-rGO composites were formed by the coreduction of AgNO3 and GO with NaBH4, which was confined inside the dispersed aqueous plugs segmented by octane. By virtue of enhanced mixing and precise control of reaction parameters in the plugs, ultrafine Ag NPs with controlled particle size (1.5–5.6 nm) and narrow particle size distribution (PSD) were evenly deposited on rGO. The average particle size of Ag NPs and relative standard deviation of particle size in Ag-rGO composites synthesized via microfluidic-based strategy were smaller than those via batch method. Moreover, the versatility of this microfluidic-based strategy was further demonstrated in the continuous synthesis of Pt-rGO and Pd-rGO composites.
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