Ethnobotanical relevance: Many medicinal taxa have been preferred as a source of medicine to treatment for assorted diseases since early human history. Trabzon city, located in the northeast of Turkey, possesses important ethnopharmacological potency due to its rich plant diversity, historical past, and hosting a wide variety of cultures.Aim of the study: The current study targeted to perform qualitative and quantitative analysis based on comprehensive ethnopharmacological data of medicinal plant taxa used in folk medicine in 80 villages of Trabzon.Materials and methods: Ethnopharmacological data including family name, scientific name, local name, used parts, therapeutic uses, preparation methods, administration routes, and cited locations were gathered by face-to-face interviews with 645 participants mostly over 50 years old, from September 2018 to December 2020. The quantitative analyses were executed by the determination of frequency values of citation (FC), use value (UV), fidelity level (FL), and informant consensus factor (ICF).Results: A total of 120 medicinal plant taxa belonging to 55 families were recorded with the traditional therapeutic uses for more than 100 different diseases. The most commonly used plant part and administration routes were detected as leaves (32.43%) and oral application (51.58%), respectively. The highest ICF value was assigned for diseases of the skin (ICF: 0.96) among 16 different diseases categories. Piceae orientalis possessed the highest value of FC (82.326%), while Plantago major owned the highest value of UV (0.873). Tilia rubra subsp. caucasica, Vaccinium myrtillus and Nicotiana tabacum were the remarkable taxa due to their FL value (100%), besides the high number of user reports.Conclusion: Present study supplies comprehensive ethnopharmacological qualitative and quantitative data (FC, UV, FL, and ICF) from 80 villages in Trabzon. The obtained ethnopharmacological data are expected both provide the preliminary information to discover novel herbal drugs and passing on to next generations as an important heritage.
This paper describes Reynoutria as a newly recorded genus of Dock Family (Polygonaceae) to Turkey. Specimens of R. japonica Houtt. (Polygonaceae) were collected from Terme/Bazlamaç (Samsun). Adding this new genus, the number of genera in Turkish Flora reached to 11 and the identification key for genera of Polygonaceae was updated. In addition, Turkish name, detailed description, photographs, locality information and geographical distribution map of the species were given in the present study.
Abstract In this study, the Turkish representatives of Frangula alnus were investigated in terms of wood, leaf and petiole anatomy. Some important differences were observed between the two native subspecies F. alnus subsp. alnus and F. alnus subsp. pontica. These include the grouping and frequency of vessels, the size of vessel fibres and rays, and the presence of cubic and solitary crystals in square ray cells. Significant differences in the distributions of secretory cavities and crystals in the leaves and petioles were also observed. The described features provide a useful complementary key for the distinction of the two subspecies native to Turkey that is applicable both to fresh material and macrofossil remains.
This study was carried out in area of Trabzon (and partially in Erzurum) Forest Regional Directorate. Studied areas are located in Euro-Siberian and Irano-Turanian floristic regions, and in Eastern Black Sea Region (2c). In this study, a total of 331 vascular plant taxa belonging to 69 families, 221 genera, belong to Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta, were identified. Six taxa of Pteridophyta and 325 taxa (7 taxa of Gymnospermae and 318 taxa of Angiospermae) of Spermatophyta were determined and listed according to APGIII. Collected data both on plant biological diversity and non-wood forest products were entered into BIYOD database. The phytogeographic region of listed 173 (52.27%) taxa were specified. Among these plants, the number of Euro-Siberian, Irano-Turanian and Mediterranean elements are115 (34.74%), 45 (13.60%) and 13 (3.93%), respectively. In addition, 1 (0.30%) cosmopolitan and 2 (0.60%) exotic taxa were determined. A total of 35 taxa are endemic and 7 are rare taxa. As well, IUCN threat categories of these taxa were given. Determined data belong to both plant biodiversity and non-wood forest products entered to BIYOD database od General Directoriate of Forestry.
A Turkish endemic, Erodium hendrikii Alpınar, was firstly described from NE Anatolia in 1994 based on insufficient specimens. In the present study, the description of this poorly known taxon was emended by adding several macro- and micromorphological traits of its leaf and fruit observed under LM and SEM. Furthermore, it was compared with the closely related species E. malacoides (L.) L'Her based on both morphological and molecular data and a modified identification key for the Flora of Turkey was prepared. The conservation status was also re-assessed according to the IUCN threat criteria.
Diaspores of taxa with large ecological tolerance can be easily carried between continents and some of these taxa become an important factor, threatening the maintenance of plant species diversity, in addition to other factors, such as clear-cutting, over- grazing and dwellings. Chorological study is an important step for conserving plant species diversity, and it provides information about naturalized plant taxa that have migrated from one continent to others. Presenting the floristic relationships between the continents is important for plant geography and paleobotany. The chorological features of 32 taxa of flowering plants belonging to 14 families, naturalized in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey, were examined and discussed. Most of these taxa come from parts of North America, China and Japan, all of which are areas with climatic conditions similar to those of this region. These taxa have been dispersed by human activity, wind, animals and water. Because of the high rainfall throughout the year, diaspores of naturalized taxa can germinate easily and become new individuals in the study area. Consequently, there have been plant migrations in the temperate region of the world, where the eastern Black Sea region is a plant migratory route between Europe and Caucasia. Ozet: Genifl ekolojik tolerans› olan taksonlar›n diasporlar› k›talar aras›nda kolayl›kla tafl›nabilir ve bu taksonlar›n kimileri t›rafllama kesim, afl›r› otlatma ve yerleflim gibi dier faktorlerle birlikte bitkisel tur ceflitliliinin devam›n› tehdit eden bir faktor haline gelmektedir. Korolojik cal›flmalar bitkisel tur ceflitliliini korumada onemli bir ad›md›r ve bir adadan dierlerine gocen bitki taksonlar› hakk›nda bilgiler vermektedir. K›talar aras›ndaki floristik iliflkilerin ortaya konmas› bitki corafyas› ve paleobotanik ac›lar›ndan onemlidir. Dou Karadeniz Bolgesi'nde doallaflm›fl, 14 familyaya mensup 32 adet cicekli bitki taksonunun korolojik ozellikleri araflt›r›lm›fl ve tart›fl›lm›flt›r. Bu turlerin cou, iklim flartlar› bolge ile benzer olan Kuzey Amerika, Cin ve Japonya'dan gelmektedir. Taksonlar insan faaliyetleri, ruzgar, hayvanlar ve su ile yay›lmaktad›r. Tum y›l boyunca duflen yuksek ya¤›fl nedeniyle doallaflm›fl bitkilerin diasporlar› cal›flma alan›nda kolayl›kla cimlenebilmekte ve yeni bireyler oluflturabilmektedir. Sonuc olarak, bitki goclerinin devam ettii dunyan›n ›l›man bolgeleri icindeki Dou Karadeniz Bolgesi, Avrupa ve Kafkasya aras›nda bir bitki goc yolu oluflturmaktad›r.
The composition of the essential oils obtained from the air-dried Teucrium chamaedrys. L. subsp. chamaedrys., Teucrium orientale. L. var. puberulens., and Teucrium chamaedrys. L. subsp. lydium. (Lamiaceae) were analyzed by GC-MS. Thirty-six, 35, and 33 components were identified in the essential oils, and germacrene D (16.7%) was the most abundant constituent in T. chamaedrys. subsp. chamaedrys., and β-caryophyllene was the most abundant component in both T. orientale. var. puberulens. and T. chamaedrys. subsp. lydium. in the ratios 21.7% and 19.7%, respectively. The isolated essential oils of the plants were tested for antimicrobial activity and showed moderate antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, but no antifungal activity was observed against two yeast-like fungi.
Bu çalışma Değirmendere havzası (Trabzon) pseudomaki vejetasyonu alanlarının bitki listesinin belirlenmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma alanı, Trabzon ilinin Ortahisar ve Maçka ilçeleri sınırları içerisinde ve Davis’in grid sistemine göre A7 karesinde bulunmaktadır. Bu bölge, bitki coğrafyası bakımından, Avrupa-Sibirya flora bölgesinde yer almaktadır. Çalışmanın materyalini, 2011-2013 yılları arasında belirtilen bölgede yapılan arazi çalışmaları sonucu elde edilen vasküler bitkiler oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma sonucunda, Pteridophyta ve Spermatophyta bölümlerine ilişkin 78 familya ve 246 cinse ait 370 vasküler bitki taksonu saptanmıştır. Yapılan çalışmada 160 (%43,50) taksonun fitocoğrafik bölgesi belirtilmiştir. Bu taksonlardan 118 (%31,89)’i Avrupa-Sibirya, 25 (%6,76)’i Akdeniz, 17 (%4,59)’si İran-Turan elementi olup kalan taksonlar (210 takson; %56,76) geniş yayılışlıdır. Çalışma alanında, 8 (%2,16)’i endemik, 3 (0,81)’ü ise nadir olmak üzere toplam 11 adet tehlike altında bitki taksonu belirlenmiştir. Alanda ayrıca, 4 (%1,08) adet kozmopolit, 9 (%2,43) adet egzotik takson tespit edilmiştir.
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