Abstract Background High FiO 2 during one-lung ventilation (OLV) can improve oxygenation, but increase the risk of atelectasis and oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to analyze whether Prostaglandin E 1 (PGE 1 ) can improve oxygenation and attenuate oxidative stress during OLV under a lower FiO 2 . Method Ninety patients selectively undergoing thoracotomy for esophageal cancer were randomly divided into three groups ( n = 30/group): Group P (FiO 2 = 0.6, inhaling PGE 1 0.1 μg/kg), Group L (FiO 2 = 0.6) and Group C (FiO 2 = 1.0). The primary outcomes were oxygenation and pulmonary shunt during OLV. Secondary outcomes included haemodynamics, respiratory mechanics and oxidative stress in serum. Results Patients in Group P had significantly higher PaO 2 and lower shunt fraction in 30 min of OLV compared with Group L. Compared with Group C, patients in Group P had similar levels of PaO 2 /FiO 2 in 60 min and higher levels of PaO 2 /FiO 2 at 2 h during OLV. The levels of PvO 2 and SvO 2 in Group P and Group L were significantly lower than Group C. Patients in Group P and Group L had significantly higher levels of superoxide dismutase and lower levels of malondialdehyde than Group C. No significant differences were found in SPO 2 , ETCO 2 , PaCO 2 , Paw, HR and MAP among the three groups. The complications in Group C were significantly higher than another two groups. Conclusion PGE 1 can maintain adequate oxygenation in patients with low FiO 2 (0.6) during OLV. Reducing FiO 2 to 0.6 during OLV can decrease the levels of oxidative stress and complications after OLV. Trial registration chictr.org.cn identifier: ChiCTR1800017100 .
Oleanolic acid (OA) has been used to treat liver disorders, but whether it can attenuate hepatic ischemia-reperfusion- (IR-) associated liver dysfunction remains unexplored. In the present study, 160 male Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided into five groups: group SH received neither hepatic IR nor drugs; group IR received hepatic IR without drugs; group CM and group OA received 0.5% sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 100 mg/kg OA, intragastrically, once a day for seven days before the hepatic IR, respectively; on the basis of treatment in group OA, group OA+wortmannin further received 15 μg/kg of PI3K inhibitor wortmannin, intraperitoneally, 30 min before the hepatic IR. Then each group was equally divided into four subgroups according to four time points (preoperation, 0 h, 3 h, and 6 h after reperfusion). Serum ALT activity, IL-1β concentration, and hepatic phosphorylation of PI3K, Akt, and GSK-3β protein expression were serially studied. We found that OA pretreatment improved histological status and decreased serum ALT and IL-1β levels. It also increased p-PI3K, p-Akt, and p-GSK-3β protein expression at all the four time points. Prophylactic wortmannin partially reversed OA's protective effects. The data indicate that OA pretreatment protects liver from IR injury during the acute phase partially through PI3K/Akt-mediated inactivation of GSK-3β.
Low-temperature stress in early spring seriously affects the growth and development of cowpea seedlings. To study the alleviative effect of the exogenous substances nitric oxide (NO) and glutathione (GSH) on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (Linn.) Walp.) seedlings under 8 °C low-temperature stress, 200 μmol·L−1 NO and 5 mmol·L−1 GSH were sprayed on cowpea seedlings whose second true leaf was about to unfold to enhance the tolerance of cowpea seedlings to low temperature. Spraying NO and GSH can eliminate excess superoxide radicals (O2−) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to varying degrees, reduce the content of malondialdehyde and relative conductivity, delay the degradation of photosynthetic pigments, increase the content of osmotic regulating substances such as soluble sugar, soluble protein, and proline, and improve the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and monodehydroascorbate reductase. This study revealed that the mixed use of NO and GSH played an important role in alleviating low temperature stress, and the effect of spraying NO alone was better than that of spraying GSH.
Abstracts The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and its variants, has posed unprecedented challenges worldwide. Existing vaccines have limited effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 variants. Therefore, novel vaccines to match mutated viral lineages by providing long-term protective immunity are urgently needed. We designed a recombinant adeno-associated virus 5 (rAAV5)-based vaccine (rAAV-COVID-19) by using the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD-plus) sequence with both single-stranded (ssAAV5) and self-complementary (scAAV5) delivery vectors and found that it provides excellent protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection. A single-dose vaccination in mice induced a robust immune response; induced neutralizing antibody (NA) titers were maintained at a peak level of over 1:1024 more than a year post-injection and were accompanied by functional T-cell responses. Importantly, both ssAAV- and scAAV-based RBD-plus vaccines produced high levels of serum NAs against the circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Delta. A SARS-CoV-2 virus challenge showed that the ssAAV5-RBD-plus vaccine protected both young and old mice from SARS-CoV-2 infection in the upper and lower respiratory tracts. Whole genome sequencing demonstrated that AAV vector DNA sequences were not found in the genomes of vaccinated mice one year after vaccination, demonstrating vaccine safety. These results suggest that the rAAV5-based vaccine is safe and effective against SARS-CoV-2 and several variants as it provides long-term protective immunity. This novel vaccine has a significant potential for development into a human prophylactic vaccination to help end the global pandemic.
To explore the effects of ketamine inhalation before one-lung ventilation (OLV) in patients undergoing transthoracic esophagectomy for esophageal cancer.Upon the approval of hospital ethic committee, 90 American Society of Anesthesiologists grade I-II patients scheduled for elective trans-left-thoracic esophagectomy for esophageal cancer were randomly and single-blindly divided into 3 groups. After intravenous anesthesia with double-lumen endobronchial intubation, the patients in each group received different therapies before OLV, i.e. inhaling ketamine 1 mg/kg in Group Ki, intravenous infusion of ketamine 1 mg/kg in Group Kv and inhaling normal saline 10 ml in Group C. Arterial blood gas analysis was performed. And (oxygen saturation) SpO2, (partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide) PETCO2, (airway pressure) Paw and hemodynamic indicators were recorded at these points:before OLV (T1), OLV for 30 min (T2), OLV for 1 h (T3), OLV for 2 h (T4), OLV ended 5 min (T5) and end of surgery (T6). Central venous blood was sampled at T1, T2 and 2 h after surgery (T7) for the determination of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) concentrations by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Serum levels of IL-6, IL-8 and sICAM-1 in all groups increased significantly than those at previous timepoints. Serum levels of IL-6, IL-8 and sICAM-1 in Groups Ki and Kv were significantly lower than those in Group C at T7. PaO2 in Groups Ki and Kv was significantly higher than that in Group C at T4. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in Group Kv were significantly higher than that in Groups Ki and C at T2-T4; HR in Group Kv was significantly higher than that in Group C at T2-T3. Paw in Group Kv was significantly higher than that in Group C at T2-T6.Inhalation and intravenous infusion of ketamine before OLV are equally effective in lowering the serum levels of IL-6, IL-8 and sICAM-1. And ultrasonic atomizing inhalation of ketamine can avoid adverse effects on airway pressure and circulatory system caused by an intravenous infusion of ketamine.
Objective
To evaluate protective effects of dexmedetomidine combined with lung-protective ventilation on lungs in patients undergoing thoracic surgery.
Methods
Eighty patients with normal pulmonary function, aged 40-64 yr, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ, with body mass index of 20-25 kg/m2, scheduled for elective right lobectomy for lung cancer performed via a thoracoscope, were divided into 4 groups (n=20 each) using a random number table: conventional ventilation group (group C), dexmedetomidine combined with conventional ventilation group (group DC), lung-protective ventilation group(group P) and dexmedetomidine combined with lung-protective ventilation group (group DP). In DC and DP groups, dexmedetomidine was intravenously infused as a loading dose of 0.5 μg/kg (over 10 min) starting from 10 min before anesthesia induction, followed by an infusion of 0.6 μg·kg-1·h-1 until the end of surgery.In C and DC groups, the tidal volume was set at 9 ml/kg, positive end-expiratory pressure 0 cmH2O, fraction of inspired oxygen 100%, respiratory rate 10-12 breaths/min, inspiratory/expiratory ratio 1∶2, and end-tidal pressure of carbon dioxide was maintained at 35-45 mmHg during both two-lung ventilation (TLV) and one-lung ventilation (OLV). In P and DP groups, the tidal volume was set at 6 ml/kg, positive end-expiratory pressure 5 cmH2O, fraction of inspired oxygen 70%, respiratory rate 14-16 breaths/min, inspiratory/expiratory ratio 1∶2, and end-tidal pressure of carbon dioxide was maintained at 35-45 mmHg during TLV and OLV.Airway peak pressure (Ppeak), airway plateau pressure (Pplat), dynamic lung compliance and airway resistance (Raw) were monitored and recorded immediately before OLV (T1), at 30 min, 1 h and 2 h of OLV (T2-4) and at 15 min after restoration of TLV (T5). Arterial blood samples were collected at 10 min before induction of anesthesia (T0) and T1-5 for blood gas analysis, and oxygenation index was calculated.At T0, T1, T3, T4 and 2 and 24 h after surgery (T6, 7), blood samples were taken from the right internal jugular vein for determination of the concentrations of serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Results
Compared with group C, Raw was significantly decreased at T2-4 in group DC, Ppeak, Pplat and Raw were significantly decreased at T2-4 in P and DP groups, oxygenation index was significantly increased at T5 in DC and P groups, oxygenation index was significantly increased at T2-5 in group DP, the concentrations of serum TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly decreased at T3, 4 and T6, 7 in P, DC and DP groups, and the concentrations of serum HMGB1 were significantly decreased at T6, 7 in DC and DP groups (P 0.05).
Conclusion
The combination of dexmedetomidine and lung-protective ventilation provides protective effects on lungs and exterts better efficacy than either alone, and the mechanism may be related to inhibiting systemic inflammatory responses of patients undergoing thoracic surgery.
Key words:
Dexmedetomidine; Respiration, artificial; Respiratory distress syndrome, adult
Objective
To evaluate the efficacy of different doses of oxycodone for prevention of fentanyl-induced cough during induction of general anesthesia.
Methods
A total of 250 American Society of Anesthesiologists physical statusⅠor Ⅱ patients of both sexes, aged 22-62 yr, weighing 47-81 kg, undergoing elective surgery, were divided into 5 groups (n=50 each) using a random number table method: different doses of oxycodone groups (O1-4 groups) and control group (group C). Oxycodone 0.025, 0.050, 0.075 and 0.100 mg/kg were intravenously injected in O1-4 groups, respectively, while the equal volume of normal saline was given instead of oxycodone in group C. Five minutes later fentanyl 3 μg/kg was intravenously injected within 5 s, and then 2 min later the other drugs were administered for induction.The occurrence and severity of cough were observed within 2 min after fentanyl injection.The development of respiratory depression and hypotension and severe bradycardia during induction of anesthesia were recorded within 5 min after oxycodone injection.
Results
The incidence of cough was significantly lower in O1-4 groups than in group C (P 0.05). No respiratory depression was found in C and O1-3 groups.The incidence of respiratory depression was significantly higher in group O4 than in C and O1-3 groups(P 0.05).
Conclusion
Oxycodone 0.025 mg/kg provides better efficacy in preventing fentanyl-induced cough during induction of general anesthesia.
Key words:
Oxycodone; Fentanyl; Cough
Spermidine synthase (SPDS) is a key enzyme in the polyamine anabolic pathway. SPDS genes help regulate plant response to environmental stresses, but their roles in pepper remain unclear. In this study, we identified and cloned a SPDS gene from pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), named CaSPDS (LOC107847831). Bioinformatics analysis indicated that CaSPDS contains two highly conserved domains: an SPDS tetramerisation domain and a spermine/SPDS domain. Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction results showed that CaSPDS was highly expressed in the stems, flowers, and mature fruits of pepper and was rapidly induced by cold stress. The function of CaSPDS in cold stress response was studied by silencing and overexpressing it in pepper and Arabidopsis, respectively. Cold injury was more serious and reactive oxygen species levels were greater in the CaSPDS-silenced seedlings than in the wild-type (WT) seedlings after cold treatment. Compared with the WT plants, the CaSPDS-overexpression Arabidopsis plants were more tolerant to cold stress and showed higher antioxidant enzyme activities, spermidine content, and cold-responsive gene (AtCOR15A, AtRD29A, AtCOR47, and AtKIN1) expression. These results indicate that CaSPDS plays important roles in cold stress response and is valuable in molecular breeding to enhance the cold tolerance of pepper.
Values of relative molecular mass(M_r) and distribution of M_r ofβ-glucan were determined and calculated by using 3 chromatographs of different types with their respective GPC softwares.The chromatographic conditions used were as follows:①SB-804HQ gel chromatographic column(7.8 mm×300 mm);②mobile phase: 0.2 g·L~(-1) sodium azide solution,with flow-rate of 0.5 mL·min~(-1);③column temp.:35℃;④vol.of sample introduced:25μL;⑤detection:2410 differential refraction detector;⑥the glucan standard series of Shodex Standard P-82 with known M_r were chosen as calibration standards.It was found that the average M_r ofβ-glucan of Grifola frondosa(GF-932) mycelia were in the range 134 195—251 053 amu,and the breadth parameters(M_r/ M_n) of M_r distribution were in the range of 1.64—2.61.It was shown that the analytes were polymeric substances of high-purity with definite range of distribution of M_r.
'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(23.036 .093 25.536)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(45.87 1.273 16.18)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(69.945 .996 12.078)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(20.66 -19.689 31.932)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e)
