The renin-angiotensin system plays an important role in various physiological and pathophysiological regulatory mechanisms. Within the past few years, the classical concept of a linear enzymatic cascade has experienced substantial changes. A parallel counterregulatory axis has been identified which involves the angiotensin converting enzyme homologue ACE2, angiotensin (1-7), and receptors Mas. The research in prorenin and its non-proteolytic activation has greatly advanced after the discovery of cellular receptors (P)RR; binding of renin or prorenin to these receptors not only facilitates angiotensin generation, but at the same time activates specific signal transduction pathways. The long-term search for clinically useful direct renin inhibitors has recently succeeded with the new antihypertensive drug aliskiren. While beneficial effects of aliskiren on some markers of cardiovascular and renal diseases have been proved in large clinical studies, important questions remain to be solved.

Aliskiren

Renin inhibitor

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Citations (2)

Lower cardiovascular responsiveness in men with a positive family history of hypertension who remain normotensive in middle age.

PubMed (1987)

A Slabý E Frantík Martin Horváth

Within the framework of a primary preventive study in 760 research workers aged 30-59, laboratory examinations of cardiovascular responsiveness to upright posture, cold and mental stress (Stroop word-colour interference test and ranking of three-digit numbers) were performed. Twenty men with essential hypertension (Stage I-II) not treated with antihypertensive drugs were selected from this population (Group 3) and matched with normotensive subjects with a negative (Group 1) and positive (Group 2) family history of hypertension, according to age, weight, neuroticism and Type A behaviour. Hypertensive men showed higher pressor responses to cold and mental stress tests than normotensive ones. Significantly lower anticipation and test responses were found in Group 2 as compared with Group 1 and 3, i.e. in those subjects who remained normotensive to higher age in spite of having a positive family history of hypertension. This fact suggests an important--intrinsic or modulating--role of cardiovascular responsiveness to physiological and psychological challenges in the manifestation of the genetic disposition for essential hypertension.

Cold pressor test

Stroop effect

Anticipation (artificial intelligence)

Essential hypertension

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Citations (6)

[Estimation of plasma angiotensinase activity].

PubMed (1966)

A Slabý

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[Desaturases of fatty acids (FADS) and their physiological and clinical implication].

PubMed (2016)

Zák A A Slabý E Tvrzická Marie Jáchymová Jaroslav Macášek

States associated with insulin resistance, as overweight/obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), cardiovascular diseases (CVD), some cancers and neuropsychiatric diseases are characterized with a decrease of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) levels. Amounts of LC-PUFA depend on the exogenous intake of their precursors [linoleic (LA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA)] and by rate of their metabolism, which is influenced by activities of enzymes, such as Δ6-desaturase (D6D, FADS2), D5D, FADS1, elongases (Elovl2, -5, 6).Altered activities of D5D/D6D were described in plenty of diseases, e.g. neuropsychiatric (depressive disorders, bipolar disorder, dementia), metabolic (obesity, metabolic syndrome, DM2) and cardiovascular diseases (arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease), inflammatory states and allergy (Crohns disease, atopic eczema) or some malignancies. Similar results were obtained in studies dealing with the associations between genotypes/haplotypes of FADS1/FADS2 and above mentioned diseases, or interactions of dietary intake of LA and ALA on one hand and of the polymorphisms of minor allels of FADS1/FADS2, usually characterized by lower activities, on the other hand.The decrease of the desaturases activities leads to decreased concentrations of products with concomitant increased concentrations of substrates. Associations of some SNP FADS with coronary heart disease, concentrations of plasma lipids, oxidative stress, glucose homeostasis, and inflammatory reaction, were described. Experimental studies on animal models and occurrence of rare diseases, associated with missing or with marked fall activities of D5D/D6D emphasized the significance of desaturases for healthy development of organism as well as for pathogenesis of some disease.

FADS2

Dyslipidemia

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Citations (6)

Protean education in public health.

American Journal of Public Health (1971)

A Slabý

Protean education in public health. A E SlabyCopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.61.5.890 Published Online: August 29, 2011

Association (psychology)

10.2105/ajph.61.5.890

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[Gene-diet interactions in atherogenic dyslipidemias (part 2)].

PubMed (2007)

Zák A A Slabý

In the second part of the review, functional polymorphisms of some other lipid-related genes are considered, with a special emphasis on genetic variability of the fatty acid binding protein, lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase, and PPARs. Gene polymorphisms can profoundly influence metabolic responses to various dietary factors, e.g. effects of a special diet; on the other hand, dietary habits have modulatory effects on the expression of specific genotypes. Atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease develop as a result of negative nutritional factors and individual genetic predisposition. A better comprehension of complex gene-gene and gene-environment interactions involved in cardiovascular risk could contribute to new preventive and therapeutic methods.

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[Influence of beta-adrenergic blockade on plasma renin activity].

PubMed (1973)

A Slabý K Horký M Dösková Hainer R Reisenauer

Plasma renin activity

BETA (programming language)

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