To report a case of an immunocompetent patient who developed cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis after complicated cataract surgery resulting in aphakia.A 67-year-old man with type 2 diabetes developed retinitis six months after cataract surgery that resulted in aphakia. Anterior chamber DNA testing was positive for CMV. Comprehensive systemic work-up revealed no immune insufficiency. The retinitis was successfully treated with intravitreal foscarnet and extended oral valgancyclovir treatment, however, he subsequently developed rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.CMV retinitis may occur in immunocompetent patients in the setting of aphakia and prolonged topical steroid use.
Purpose: To describe a case of bullous variant of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSR) in Goodpasture’s disease (GD) compared to an identical twin without GD, and summarize the literature on ocular manifestations of GD. Methods: Interventional/observational case report and literature review. Results: A 46-year-old white female with a history of GD presented with decreased vision. She demonstrated bilateral multifocal pigment epithelial detachments and a large inferior exudative retinal detachment in the left eye consistent with bilateral CSR with bullous variant CSR (bvCSR) in the left eye. Despite treatment, her disease remained refractory, with final VA of 20/200 in the left eye. The patient’s identical twin sister did not have GD and demonstrated milder CSR on presentation with a more typical, self-limited disease course. Her final VA was 20/20 bilaterally. Conclusion: GD is associated with severe manifestations of CSR (exudative RD). Additional studies focusing on the association between GD and CSR severity may be of interest.
To determine whether anemia and other demographic or laboratory "risk factors" impact anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment in diabetic macular edema patients.This is a retrospective, time-varying cohort study using a medical claims database to identify new diabetic macular edema patients who had received at least one intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor. Exclusion occurred for having <2 years in the plan prior to diabetic macular edema diagnosis, any history of proliferative retinopathy or any treatment that is used for diabetic macular edema. Covariates of interest were demographic characteristics, laboratory values, and clinical factors such as previous anti-vascular endothelial growth factor used, number of involved eyes, year of treatment, and time since last injection. Those variables that changed with time were assessed and updated at each visit. The main outcome measure was the odds of receiving treatment at any visit.In total, 189 new diabetic macular edema patients with follow-up were analyzed, covering 729 visits with 543 (74.5%) receiving treatment. Univariate analysis showed that male gender (odds ratio: 0.54, 95% confidence interval: 0.32-0.91, p = 0.03), every week since last injection (odds ratio: 0.94, 95% confidence interval: 0.91-0.97, p = 0.001), and having two eyes affected (odds ratio: 2.09, 95% confidence interval: 1.10-3.97, p = 0.02) were associated with getting an injection. After multivariate analysis, only time since previous injection with every week that passed reduced the odds on having an injection at the next visit (odds ratio: 0.95, 95% confidence interval: 0.92-0.97, p < 0.001). Anemia was not associated with receiving an injection (odds ratio: 1.05, 95% confidence interval: 0.61-1.80, p = 0.86).This study used time-varying methodology to better identify which patients will likely need an injection at any one visit. While anemia was not found to impact injections, our results can aid future endeavors that may incorporate clinical visit information in developing a full prediction model to help make diabetic macular edema care more efficient.
Abstract The purpose of this study is to describe the use of angioscopes in flowing bloodstreams of animals and humans, to demonstrate the ability to precisely deliver laser energy to an intravascular target using visual guidance and to determine the information content and spatial content of angioscopy. Angioscopy was performed in 5 living dogs, 16 cadaver vascular segments, and 14 patients at the time of peripheral or coronary bypass surgery. Five canine femoral artery segments received angioscopically directed intravascular Nd: YAG laser irradiation. We were able to precisely direct the laser irradiation to predetermined intimal targets. Gross tissue injury varied from none to carbonization and vascular perforation, depending on incident energy. Using a variety of flexible fiberoptic endoscopes ranging in diameter from 1.5 to 3.7 mm, we were able to visualize intravascular structures including plaque, suture lines, venous valves, and thrombi in living patients. No patient incurred complications of any sort. We conclude that angioscopy using flexible en doscopes can be performed safely, can provide clinically useful information, and may provide a means for delivering visually directed intravascular laser irradiation.
Diffuse optical spectroscopic imaging (DOSI) and diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) are model-based near-infrared (NIR) methods that measure tissue optical properties (broadband absorption, ? a , and reduced scattering, ? s ? ) and blood flow (blood flow index, BFI), respectively. DOSI-derived ? a values are used to determine composition by calculating the tissue concentration of oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin ( HbO 2 , HbR), water, and lipid. We developed and evaluated a combined, coregistered DOSI/DCS handheld probe for mapping and imaging these parameters. We show that uncertainties of 0.3 ?? mm ? 1 (37%) in ? s ? and 0.003 ?? mm ? 1 (33%) in ? a lead to ? 53 % and 9% errors in BFI, respectively. DOSI/DCS imaging of a solid tissue-simulating flow phantom and
The purpose of this study was to describe a case of severe occlusive vasculitis that led to a diagnosis of AIDS in a previously healthy middle-aged man.Multimodal imaging including widefield fundus photography, spectral domain optical coherence tomography, and widefield fluorescein angiography was performed.A healthy 46-year-old man presented with sudden onset vision loss in his left eye with an afferent pupillary defect. His examination revealed signs of retinal vascular disease in both eyes, with an ophthalmic artery occlusion in his affected left eye and a hemiretinal vein occlusion in his asymptomatic right eye. An extensive medical workup was significant for HIV positivity; he was ultimately diagnosed with AIDS, and ocular findings were attributed to an associated occlusive vasculitis. He developed anterior segment neovascularization in the left eye for which he received intravitreal bevacizumab and panretinal photocoagulation. He ultimately required cyclophotocoagulation in the left eye for poorly controlled intraocular pressure in the setting of neovascular glaucoma.Although HIV is most classically associated with a retinal microangiopathy, testing should be considered in cases of occlusive retinal vasculitis because it is a rare cause of such findings.
