Steven L. Foley

United States Food and Drug Administration

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Jing Han

National Center for Toxicological Research

Rajesh Nayak

Manipal Academy of Higher Education

Aaron M. Lynne

Sam Houston State University

Bijay K. Khajanchi

Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition

Shaohua Zhao

Center for Veterinary Medicine

Pravin R. Kaldhone

United States Food and Drug Administration

Steven C. Ricke

University of Wisconsin–Madison

Joanna Deck

United States Food and Drug Administration

Dereje D. Gudeta

National Center for Toxicological Research

Sung Guk Kim

National Center for Toxicological Research

Cooperative Institutions

United States Food and Drug Administration

150

National Center for Toxicological Research

Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition

Center for Veterinary Medicine

University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences

United States Department of Agriculture

Food and Drug Administration

University of Arkansas at Fayetteville

Agricultural Research Service

University of Maryland, College Park

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Comparison of Subtyping Methods for Differentiating Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Isolates Obtained from Food Animal Sources

Journal of Clinical Microbiology (2006)

Steven L. Foley David G. White Patrick F. McDermott Robert D. Walker Bobbie S. Rhodes

ABSTRACT Molecular characterization (e.g., DNA-based typing methods) of Salmonella isolates is frequently employed to compare and distinguish clinical isolates recovered from animals and from patients with food-borne disease and nosocomial infections. In this study, we compared the abilities of different phenotyping and genotyping methods to distinguish isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium from different food animal sources. One hundred twenty-eight S. enterica serovar Typhimurium strains isolated from cattle, pigs, chickens, and turkeys or derived food products were characterized using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), repetitive element PCR (Rep-PCR), multilocus sequence typing (MLST), plasmid profiling, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Among the 128 Salmonella isolates tested, we observed 84 Rep-PCR profiles, 86 PFGE patterns, 89 MLST patterns, 36 plasmid profiles, and 38 susceptibility profiles. The molecular typing methods, i.e., PFGE, MLST, and Rep-PCR, demonstrated the best discriminatory power among Salmonella isolates. However, no apparent correlation was evident between the results of one molecular typing method and those of the others, suggesting that a combination of multiple methods is needed to differentiate S. enterica serovar Typhimurium isolates that genetically cluster according to one particular typing method.

Subtyping

Salmonella enterica

Multilocus sequence typing

DNA profiling

10.1128/jcm.00745-06

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Citations (120)

Prevalence of ESBLs and PMQR genes in fecal Escherichia coli isolated from the non-human primates in six zoos in China

Veterinary Microbiology (2012)

Yang Wang Tao He Jing Han Juan Wang Steven L. Foley

Broth microdilution

Beta-lactamase

10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.03.009

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Citations (57)

Complete genome sequence of Shigella flexneri strain P099 from the gum of an adult rhesus monkey, Macaca mulatta , with gingivitis

Microbiology Resource Announcements (2023)

Sung Guk Kim Christine V. Summage-West Mariela Reyna Danielle Sopovski Lillie M. Sims

Shigella flexneri was associated with gingivitis, a periodontal disease, in the rhesus monkey. We report the circularized 4.8-Mbp complete genome of Shigella flexneri strain P099 isolated from the gum of an adult rhesus monkey, Macaca mulatta, with clinical symptoms of gingivitis.

Strain (injury)

Shigellosis

10.1128/mra.00383-23

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Salmonella enterica virulence databases and bioinformatic analysis tools development

Scientific Reports (2024)

Jing Han Hailin Tang Shaohua Zhao Steven L. Foley

Abstract Salmonella enterica , a prominent foodborne pathogen, contributes significantly to global foodborne illnesses annually. This species exhibits significant genetic diversity, potentially impacting its infectivity, disease severity, and antimicrobial resistance. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) offers comprehensive genetic insights that can be utilized for virulence assessment. However, existing bioinformatic tools for studying Salmonella virulence have notable limitations. To address this gap, a Salmonella Virulence Database with a non-redundant, comprehensive list of putative virulence factors was constructed. Two bioinformatic analysis tools, Virulence Factor Profile Assessment and Virulence Factor Profile Comparison tools, were developed. The former provides data on similarity to the reference genes, e-value, and bite score, while the latter assesses the presence/absence of virulence genes in Salmonella isolates and facilitates comparison of virulence profiles across multiple sequences. To validate the database and associated bioinformatic tools, WGS data from 43,853 Salmonella isolates spanning 14 serovars was extracted from GenBank, and WGS data previously generated in our lab was used. Overall, the Salmonella Virulence database and our bioinformatic tools effectively facilitated virulence assessment, enhancing our understanding of virulence profiles among Salmonella isolates and serovars. The public availability of these resources will empower researchers to assess Salmonella virulence comprehensively, which could inform strategies for pathogen control and risk evaluations associated with human illnesses.

Salmonella enterica

Virulence factor

10.1038/s41598-024-74124-x

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Citations (2)

Microbiology of tattoo-associated infections since 1820

The Lancet Microbe (2024)

Sandeep Kondakala Sunghyun Yoon Soumana Daddy-Gaoh Steven L. Foley Ohgew Kweon

Broad spectrum

10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.101005

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Molecular Characterization of Resistance to Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporins in Clinical Escherichia coli Isolates from Companion Animals in the United States

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (2011)

Bashar W. Shaheen Rajesh Nayak Steven L. Foley Ohgew Kweon Joanna Deck

Resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC) among members of the family Enterobacteriaceae occurs worldwide; however, little is known about ESC resistance in Escherichia coli strains from companion animals. Clinical isolates of E. coli were collected from veterinary diagnostic laboratories throughout the United States from 2008 to 2009. E. coli isolates (n = 54) with reduced susceptibility to ceftazidime or cefotaxime (MIC ≥ 16 μg/ml) and extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL) phenotypes were analyzed. PCR and sequencing were used to detect mutations in ESBL-encoding genes and the regulatory region of the chromosomal gene ampC. Conjugation experiments and plasmid identification were conducted to examine the transferability of resistance to ESCs. All isolates carried the bla(CTX-M-1)-group β-lactamase genes in addition to one or more of the following β-lactamase genes: bla(TEM), bla(SHV-3), bla(CMY-2), bla(CTX-M-14-like), and bla(OXA-1.) Different bla(TEM) sequence variants were detected in some isolates (n = 40). Three isolates harbored a bla(TEM-181) gene with a novel mutation resulting in an Ala184Val substitution. Approximately 78% of the isolates had mutations in promoter/attenuator regions of the chromosomal gene ampC, one of which was a novel insertion of adenine between bases -28 and -29. Plasmids ranging in size from 11 to 233 kbp were detected in the isolates, with a common plasmid size of 93 kbp identified in 60% of isolates. Plasmid-mediated transfer of β-lactamase genes increased the MICs (≥ 16-fold) of ESCs for transconjugants. Replicon typing among isolates revealed the predominance of IncI and IncFIA plasmids, followed by IncFIB plasmids. This study shows the emergence of conjugative plasmid-borne ESBLs among E. coli strains from companion animals in the United States, which may compromise the effective therapeutic use of ESCs in veterinary medicine.

Replicon

10.1128/aac.00656-11

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Citations (110)

Index

Steven L. Foley Anne Y. Chen Shabbir Simjee Marcus Zervos

Foley

10.1002/9781118063842.index

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Reproductive performance in purebred and crossbred commercial rabbits

Animal Science (1981)

G. G. Partridge Steven L. Foley W. Corrigall

ABSTRACT The reproductive performance of does of New Zealand White (N) and Californian (C) strains of rabbit was compared with that of the two reciprocal crosses, C × N and N × C (sire × dam). Both types of crossbred doe showed a reproductive performance superior to the purebred strains, having both a higher conception rate and mean litter size at birth. C × N, N × C, N and C does reared on average 6·6, 7·4, 5·0 and 4·9 pups to weaning age respectively. Expressed in terms of an estimated annual production of weanlings the N × C does produced nearly twice as many progeny to 4 weeks of age as the purebreds N and C (37 pups cf. 21 and 19 pups respectively). Total losses prior to weaning were approximately 25% in all breeds, largely from stillbirths, and subsequent chilling and/or starvation in the nest (36% and 38% of diagnosed deaths respectively). Other contributory factors are discussed.

Purebred

Litter

Sire

10.1017/s0003356100027227

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Citations (32)

Characterization of antimicrobial resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from canine infections

Journal of Applied Microbiology (2012)

Din L. Lin Steven L. Foley Yong Qi Jianfeng Han Changyi Ji

To determine the prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa among dogs with suspected soft tissue infections and to characterize these isolates. Swabs were taken from infected soft tissues of 402 dogs. Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were confirmed phenotypically and tested for susceptibility to 11 antimicrobial agents and genotyped by SpeI pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The genetic basis of fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance and the presence of integrons were also characterized. A total of 27 (6·7%) dogs tested positive for Ps. aeruginosa. Fourteen different SpeI patterns were observed in 25 typeable strains. Among the β-lactams, three isolates presented resistance to ticarcillin and carbenicillin, while only one isolate exhibited resistance to ceftazidime. Among the aminoglycosides (AGs), three strains showed resistance to amikacin, and four strains exhibited resistance to gentamicin and tobramycin. Four strains with mutations that led to the substitution of Thr at position 83 with Ile in GyrA and the exchange of Ser at position 87 with Leu in ParC displayed resistance to all tested FQs. These strains also carried class 1 integrons and showed resistance to between 6 and 10 antimicrobials. These integrons included four different gene cassettes (aacA4-aadA1, bla(OXA-31) -aadA2, aadA1-arr-3-catB3 and cmlA5-cmlA-aadA1). A small proportion of infected dogs treated in two animal hospitals in Beijing, China carried Ps. aeruginosa isolates. Low levels of resistance to anti-pseudomonal agents were observed in these strains. This study is the first report on the antimicrobial resistance profiles of Ps. aeruginosa isolated from infected canine origin in China. Additionally, this is the first report of the oxacillin resistance gene bla(OXA-31) in a canine Ps. aeruginosa isolate.

Ticarcillin

Amikacin

Carbenicillin

10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05304.x

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Citations (42)

Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies to Avian Escherichia coli Iss

Avian Diseases (2006)

Aaron M. Lynne Steven L. Foley Lisa K. Nolan

Colibacillosis accounts for annual multimillion dollar losses in the poultry industry, and control of this disease is hampered by limited understanding of the virulence mechanisms used by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC). Previous work in our laboratory has found that the presence of the increased serum survival gene (iss) is strongly associated with APEC but not commensal E. coli, making iss and the protein it encodes (Iss) candidate targets of colibacillosis-control procedures. Previously, we produced monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against Iss to be used as a reagent in studies of APEC virulence and colibacillosis pathogenesis. Unfortunately, the utility of these MAbs was limited because these MAbs exhibited nonspecific binding. It was thought that the lack of specificity might be related to the fact that these MAbs were of the immunoglobulin M (IgM) isotype. In the present study, new MAbs were produced using a different immunization strategy in an effort to generate MAbs of a different isotype. Also, because Iss bears strong similarity to Bor, a lambda-derived protein that occurs commonly among E. coli, MAbs were assessed for their ability to distinguish Iss and Bor. For these studies, the bor gene from an APEC isolate was cloned into an expression vector. The fusion protein expressed from this construct was used to assess the potential of the anti-Iss MAbs produced in the past and present studies to distinguish Bor and Iss. The MAbs produced in this study were of the IgG1 isotype, which appeared to bind more specifically to Iss than previously generated antibodies in certain immunologic procedures. These results suggested that the MAbs generated in this study might prove superior to the previous MAbs as a reagent for study of APEC. However, both MAbs recognized recombinant Iss and Bor, suggesting that any results obtained using anti-Iss MAbs would need to be interpreted with this cross-reactivity in mind.

Isotype

10.1637/7503-011106r.1

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Citations (2)