The target of community service assignments in 2018 is productive communities that need development in the field of environmental management, namely employees of the Quality Control Laboratory of PT. Semen Baturaja OKU. Coal ash is a waste unlike gas from combustion, because it is a solid material that is not easily dissolved and is not volatile so it will be more troublesome in handling. If the amount is large and is not handled properly, then the coal ash can pollute the environment especially caused by fly ash and can be sucked by humans and animals can also affect the condition of the surrounding water and soil so that it can kill the plants. The chemical composition of Fly ash is silica, alumina and iron with little calcium, magnesium, sulfate, and other components. Currently coal fly ash is used in cement plants as a mixture of concrete makers. Because of the smoothness and round shape of the granules, the use of fly ash on the concrete mixture can increase the slack on the concrete mixture. The advantages of using fly ash include increasing the strength of concrete, filling the pores in the concrete so that the porosity of the concrete becomes low, while increasing the density of concrete so that it can increase the tightness of concrete to water. The coal fly ash waste that accumulates also occurs in the industry of PT Semen Baturaja Ogan Komering Ulu. PT. Semen Baturaja is one of the largest cement industries in Sumatra that produces PCC (Portland Composite Cement). PCC type cement is cement made by utilizing inorganic additives such as fly ash and trass. Aside from being an additional material for cement, fly ash can also be used as a raw material for making silica membranes which serves to reduce metal content in acid mine drainage. So that the author wishes to socialize the employees and employees of PT Semen Baturaja especially in the BTA II Quality Control laboratory division to disseminate knowledge about the benefits of coal fly ash as raw material for silica membranes in minimizing B3 waste so that environmental management with a friendly environment will achieved.
Abstract Tray dryer is one type of plate-shaped dryer, which is often used to dry materials in the form of solid or paste, therefore the tool is very suitable for drying or converting hydrogel to silica. The working principle of the dryer is to transfer heat around the environment of the material to be dried by means of heat transfer by convection and conduction. Weight reduction due to water loss due to evaporation when drying process is done. In this research, the silica to be dried was made from bagasse using a number of additional ingredients namely hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide with various variations. Tool performance is determined based on the amount of thermal efficiency obtained where thermal efficiency is a percentage of the amount of heat flowing during the drying process. In addition, the rate and time of drying will also affect the quality of the product. research steps include; tool design using the functional approach method to find out the functions of the unit of equipment used and structural approach to get the dimensions of the tool Silica gel produced from the drying process is analyzed using X-Ray Difraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) which aims to characterize the crystal structure and detect functional groups. Based on the analysis results obtained silica gel has a functional group of Si-OH and amorphous crystal structure, so it is categorized as meeting the standards of JIS-0701. Calculation results obtained optimal conditions achieved at the time and speed of drying 360 minutes, 0.019 kg / hour m2 with a silica gel moisture content of 0.81% and thermal efficiency of 86.4%.
Oyster mushroom is plant that is quite easy to cultivate because it only requires growing media for oyster mushrooms, oyster mushroom seeds and a humid place for cultivation. Oyster mushroom is a type of plant that is fibrous and contains a lot of water causing the shelf life of oyster mushrooms after harvest is very short. To increase the economic value of oyster mushrooms, it is necessary to process oyster mushrooms into something so that processed oyster mushrooms have a long shelf life, namely by processing oyster mushrooms into chips, but the manufacture of oyster mushroom chips still uses conventional or manual methods so that the quality of the resulting chips is still not good. By using innovative technology through a prototype design tool with the vacuum frying method, it produces chips that are of higher quality than conventional frying methods which are seen from the water content contained in oyster mushroom chips, which is less than 1% with an evaporated water content of 80%. The prototype of this vacuum frying fryer has an overall volume of 260,000 cm3 with an overall length of 100 cm, a width of 40 cm and a height of 65 cm and uses an electric motor of 2461.76 watts or 3.3012 HP
Tanaman Kelor adalah salah satu tanaman paling luar biasa yang pernah ditemukan. Salah satu khasiat yang bisa diambil dari pohon kelor terdapat pada daunnya. Daun kelor yang sudah dikeringkan memiliki kandungan gizi yang lebih banyak. Mengingat hal tersebut, maka dirancanglah alat photovoltaic tray dryer yang merupakan alat pengering yang memanfaatkan sinar matahari melalui Photovoltaic Solar Energy System (SESF). Photovoltaic tray dryer dengan kapasitas empat rak dengan berat 100 gram daun kelor per rak. Sebelum melakukan proses pengeringan, daun kelor dilakukan pengujian kadar air awal. Proses pengeringan dilakukan pada variasi waktu yaitu 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, dan 240 menit selama empat jam pada pengeringan dengan suhu 60°C. Setiap 30 menit daun kelor ditimbang. pada rak 1, 2, 3 dan 4 untuk menentukan kadar air. Kadar air daun kelor kering yang diharapkan setelah dikeringkan kurang dari 10%. Kadar air daun kelor pada tiap nampan mulai dari rak 3, 2, 2, dan 4 masing-masing adalah42,48%, 44,16%, 64,80% dan 69,92%. Efisiensi pengeringan mengalami penurunan, dengan efisiensi 30 menit sebesar 26,99% dan efisiensi 240 menit sebesar 14,28%.
Short cooking time produces a small amount of cellulose in the pulp production, while a long cooking time causes the cellulose content in the pulp to become damaged. Cooking temperature that is too low produces a small amount of cellulose in the pulp, while the cooking temperature that is too high will damage the cellulose content in the pulp. The faster the stirring the more lignin apart from cellulose, the lower the cellulose content due to weakening of the saccharide bond in cellulose, the lower the yield produced because the product dissolves more and more. In this study, the parameters chosen were cooking time diversity (40, 50, 60, 70, and 80 minutes), cooking temperature (80, 90, 100, 110 and 120 °C), and stirring speed (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 rpm). Analysis of water, ash, cellulose, lignin content and tensile strength was carried out as pulp quality testing in this study. It turns out that from the results of the study, the optimum value was obtained at 90 °C cooking temperature with pulp yield of 64.09%, water content of 16%, ash content of 2.5%, cellulose content of 73%, lignin content of 8.5%, and tensile strength 1.96 kN/m2.
Limbah cair tahu merupakan cairan kental, umumnya emulsi yang dihasilkan dari proses produksi tahu yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan lingkungan hidup serta dapat menyebabkan penyakit pada manusia. Penelitian mengenai pemurnian limbah cair tahu menggunakan adsorben telah banyak dilakukan, namun metode tersebut memiliki kelemahan yaitu memungkinkan tertinggalnya adsorben di dalam limbah. Penelitian mengenai pemurnian limbah cair tahu secara konvensional pun sudah banyak, namun hasilnya ternyata kandungan pencemar yang terdapat pada limbah tahu masih terlampau tinggi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membuat membran polisulfon untuk memurnikan limbah cair tahu. Polisulfon adalah polimer hidrofobik dan merupakan salah satu polimer yang dapat digunakan dalam proses ultrafiltrasi. Membran akan dibuat dengan menggunakan pelarut DMAc dan PEG 400. Limbah cair tahu akan dilewatkan melalui membran polisulfon secara ultrafiltrasi. Sebelum melalui membran, limbah cair tahu akan melewati proses koagulasi. Koagulan yang digunakan adalah Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC) dengan dosis 2000 ppm. Tekanan operasi akan diatur dengan variasi 0,5 ; 1,0 ; 1,5 ; dan 2,0. Untuk analisa morfologi membran akan menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Nilai rejeksi terbaik bagi parameter limbah cair tahu seperti COD, TDS, dan ammonia didapatkan pada tekanan 1,5 bar. Semakin tinggi tekanan operasi membran, maka nilai rejeksi membran akan menurun karena hal ini erat kaitannya dengan deformasi membran.
The limitation of clean water resources in coastal areas is related to the scarcity of fresh water. Water that has too high a salinity can cause harm if it is used for certain activities, for example, it is dangerous for health when used as drinking water, causing crop failure for agriculture, corrosion for equipment and buildings made of metal elements. In order to be used as clean water and suitable for daily household use, brackish water needs special treatment with the aim of reducing the mineral content in it, especially in reducing salinity levels. For this purpose brackish water treatment has been made into clean water which works based on the electrocoagulation process. The performance test was carried out by filling 10 liters of brackish water into the electrocoagulation reactor and using an electric current of 10 volts, 12 volts and 14 volts for each test. The observation times for each test were 60, 120 and 180 minutes. Measurement of salinity, iron, sulfate and organic substances for each test was carried out using a potentiometer, atomic absorption spectrophotometer, turbidimeter, and titrimetry. The optimum results of the test show that the use of 14 volts of electricity and contact time for 120 minutes can reduce iron levels from 1.41 mg / l to 0.98 mg / l, and sulfate levels from 301.97 mg / l to 235.84 mg. / l, levels of organic substances from 3.05 mg / l to 2.25 mg / l and salinity levels from 16.25 ppt to 10.07 ppt.
Pengolahan air bersih dalam penelitian ini bertujuan menghilangkan semua kandungan parameter kimia, biologis yang terdapat didalam air baku. Air baku yang diolah berupa air gambut, air payau serta air sungai musi. Air tersebut diolah mengunakan teknologi membrane dan bertujuan untuk mendapatkan air bersih yang memenuhi standar kesehatan. Membran yang digunakan adalah membran ultrafiltrasi berbasis polimer polysulfon. Metoda yang digunakan dalam pembuatan membran tersebut adalah metoda Inversi fasa dari formula Loeb and Sourirajan yaitu melarutkan polimer Polysulfon kedalam campuran larutan Dimethyl Asetamida (DMAc) dan Poliethylen Glicol (PEG) sebagai aditif. Membrane yang dihasilkan yaitu berukuran pori 0,0014 mm memenuhi standar ultrafiltrasi. Tujuan khusus penelitian ini selain mendapatkan membran polysulfon yang kegunaannya untuk pengolahan air besih atau air minum, juga mengkaji beberapa parameter yang digunakan sehingga diperoleh kondisi yang optimum. Metoda yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metoda eksperiment, perancangan alat serta Penerapan Teknologi Tepat Guna (TTG). Bahan baku sebelum diolah dilakukan analisa pendahuluan dan selanjutnya dilakukan proses pretreatment. Beberapa alat filter yang digunakan diantaranya filter mangan, mangan zeolit, fiter besi, carbon aktif serta silica yang bergunakan menurunkan semua parameter yang terdapat didalam air baku. Air hasil pretreatment untuk selanjutnya dilewatkan melalui membrane ultrafiltrasi. Produk yang dihasilkan mengacu pada standar kualitas air bersih dan air minum yang diizinkan oleh MENKES NO 492/MENKES/PER/IV/2010 tentang pengadaan air bersih dan air minum. Hasil analisa menunjukkan penurunan rata-rata parameter air baku gambut dan payau setelah melewati membrane adalah 77,8% dan 32,6%, sedangkan untuk air musi mencapai 92,5%. Air bersih maupun air minum yang dihasilkan telah memenuhi standar baku mutu.
Tofu waste liquid contains high levels of organic impurities, such as protein and amino acids.These organic compounds cause the tofu industrial wastewater to contain high biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), pH and total suspended solid (TSS) which can pollute the environment.In general, the liquid waste from the tofu factory is discharged directly into rivers through sewers and rivers.Most of the tofu wastewater contains various kinds of pollutants which may be produced in the form of organic pollutants (foul smelling), inorganic pollutants (spicy and colored), so they are dangerous to the surrounding environment and need to be treated.One alternative to tofu liquid waste treatment is electrocoagulation.The electrocoagulation method has the potential to purify tofu wastewater and reduce the content of BOD, COD, TSS and neutralize pH without the addition of certain chemical coagulants.The purpose of this study was to obtain the characteristics and levels of pollutants contained in tofu industrial wastewater before and after processing, and to determine the effectiveness of the electrocoagulation method with various variations in voltage and reaction time.The electrocoagulation tub is attached with a cable connected to the power supply, then connected to a current source with a variable voltage (8; 10; 12 V) and a variable reaction time (30; 60; 90; 120; 150 minutes).The optimum conditions were obtained at a voltage variation of 12 volts and a reaction time of 150 minutes, with a percentage increase in pH of 72.33% to 5.98, a decrease in COD of 28.57% to 10 mg/L, a decrease in BOD5 of 46.87% to 2, 29 mg/L, and TSS from 11.47% to 21.6 mg/L.
Pengeringan biji kakao yang dilakukan masyarakat saat ini masih secara manual (konvensional), yaitu dengan memanfaatkan energi cahaya matahari (dijemur), sehingga memakan waktu yang cukup lama. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempercepat proses pengeringan pada biji kakao dengan menggunakan alat pengering tipe tray dryer. Pengering tipe tray dryer yang dirancang memanfaatkan tenaga dari solar cell sebagai media pengeringan. Pada penelitian ini, alat tray dryer dirancang memiliki kapasitas 1 kg dengan 4 tray yang berbahan aluminium, alat ini juga dilengkapi dengan solar cell berkapasitas 50 watt-peak. Parameter yang diukur pada penelitian ini di antaranya, massa biji kakao sebelum pengeringan, massa biji kakao sesudah pengeringan, temperatur masuk biji kakao, temperatur keluar biji kakao, temperatur masuk udara, temperatur keluar udara, laju udara masuk, laju udara keluar, perpindahan panas konveksi, konduksi, radiasi, humidity, dan relatif humidity dengan variasi temperatur pengeringan 60℃ dan 70℃, serta variasi waktu pengeringan 15 menit sampai 180 menit. Menentukan efisiensi alat tray dryer dari perpindahan panas secara konduksi, konveksi, dan radiasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kinerja dari alat tray dryer cukup optimal untuk mengeringkan biji kakao karena mampu menguapkan kadar air pada biji kakao dengan nilai akhir 11,88% pada temperatur 70℃ selama 180 menit. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan bahwasannya kualitas biji kakao sudah hampir mendekati ketentuan SNI-01-2323-2008 yaitu 7,5%. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan efisiensi thermal alat tertinggi dengan nilai 73,35% pada temperatur 70℃.
