It is broadly expected that next generation sequencing will ultimately generate a complete genome as is the latest goat reference genome (ARS1), which is considered to be one of the most continuous assemblies in livestock. However, the rich diversity of worldwide goat breeds indicates that a genome from one individual would be insufficient to represent the whole genomic contents of goats. By comparing nine de novo assemblies from seven sibling species of domestic goat with ARS1 and using resequencing and transcriptome data from goats for verification, we identified a total of 38.3 Mb sequences that were absent in ARS1. The pan-sequences contain genic fractions with considerable expression. Using the pan-genome (ARS1 together with the pan-sequences) as a reference genome, variation calling efficacy can be appreciably improved. A total of 56,657 spurious SNPs per individual were repressed and 24,414 novel SNPs per individual on average were recovered as a result of better reads mapping quality. The transcriptomic mapping rate was also increased by ∼1.15%. Our study demonstrated that comparing de novo assemblies from closely related species is an efficient and reliable strategy for finding missing sequences from the reference genome and could be applicable to other species. Pan-genome can serve as an improved reference genome in animals for a better exploration of the underlying genomic variations and could increase the probability of finding genotype-phenotype associations assessed by a comprehensive variation database containing much more differences between individuals. We have constructed a goat pan-genome web interface for data visualization (http://animal.nwsuaf.edu.cn/panGoat).
To investigate drug-resistant mutations in and genotypes of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in chronic HBV carriers using PCR sequencing technology.Chronic HBV carriers were recruited from Tianjin Second People's Hospital between June 2013 and May 2014 and 317 were enrolled in the study according to receipt of nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) for at least three months prior. Drug-resistant mutations were detected by PCR followed by sequencing. SPSS21.0 was used for statistical analysis.Drug-resistant mutations were detected in 119 of the 317 patients, including 20 of 46 patients who received lamivudine (LAM), 16 of 34 patients who received adefovir (ADV), 13 of 80 patients who received entecavir (ETV), 5 of 23 patients who received telbivudine (LdT), and 65 of 124 patients who received various sequential/combined NA therapies. Each of the NAs had dominant drug-resistant mutational profiles, with rtM204I+rtL180M±rtL80I (30.9%) for LAM, rtA181T/N (21.3%), rtS213T/N (21.3%) and rtV214A (21.3%) for ADV, rtl180M (48%) for ETV, rtM204I for LdT, and rtA194T for tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). A total of 308 HBV genotypes were detected, including type B in 27 cases (8.8%), type C in 279 cases (90.6%), and type D in 2 cases (0.6%). The different HBV genotypes had no statistically significant difference in drug-resistance mutations, though (χ(2) = 1.11, P > 0.05). Two TDF drug-resistant mutations rtA194T were detected.The results provide new information on NA drug-resistant mutations and HBV genotype profiles in chronic HBV carriers and may have important clinical implication for HBV drug resistance management. In addition, the data confirmed the preexisting TDF mutation rtA194T.
To address the difficulties existing text categorization models face in capturing global text semantics and local details, we propose an Adaptive Feature Interactive Enhancement Network (AFIENet). This network uses two branches to model the text globally and locally. The adaptive segmentation module in the local network can dynamically split the text and capture key phrases. The global network grasps the overall central semantics. After obtaining the results from the two branches, an interaction valve is designed to evaluate the confidence of the global features and selectively fuse them with the local features effectively. Finally, the interactively enhanced features are re-input into the classifier to improve text classification performance. Experiments verify that AFIENet can effectively improve the performance of basic networks like TextCNN, RNN, and Transformer with the introduction of fewer parameters. The accuracy reaches up to 97.55% on the THUCNews dataset, 6.53 percentage points higher than the original model. The average accuracy improvement is 2.11 percentage points compared to the original model when tested on multiple datasets. Comparable results to MacBERT are obtained when using static word vectors, reflecting the wide applicability of the model.
Abstract Intramuscular fat (IMF) is a central attribute of goat nutrition qualities and consumers’ choice. Here, we reported potential markers of IMF deposits in goat meat. Based on IMF content that was significantly higher in longissimus dorsi (LD) than in biceps femoris (BF) ( P < 0.01), goats were divided into a high-IMF (HI) group ( n = 6) and a low-IMF (LI) group ( n = 6). To better understand the molecular variations underlying IMF anabolism and catabolism in goats, we performed a proteomic analysis of the HI group and LI group, and 110 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified. After bioinformatics analysis of GO, KEGG, and protein–protein interaction (PPI), 6 DEPs (HADHA, HADHB, ACSL1, ACADS, ACAT1, and ACAA2) have positive contributions to the regulatory machinery of IMF position. Finally, a potential mRNA–miRNA–protein regulatory network of IMF was created, and the results demonstrated that ACADS and ACSL1 were identified as candidate biomarkers for IMF deposits that are worthy to evaluate in the future. Our study lays a foundation for further improving the meat quality of these animals.
【Objective】To evaluate the feasibility and results of quality nursing care,provide guidance and learning for future care.【Method】The time of all types of nursing was observed and recorded before and after carrying out the quality care.Questionnaire survey on 80 patients with type 2 diabetes(40 for intervention group and 40 for control group) was conducted.【Results】After carrying out quality nursing care,the patients' satisfaction and the time of nurses to stay in wards with patients for life care and health education were increased.Also,the patient's disease-related knowledge scores were improved.【Conclusion】Carring out quality nursing care may enhance the nurses' sense of responsibility and the patient's level of disease-related knowledge and self-management,it is worth for further development and promotion.
The geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste is concerned with the systematic characteristics of the long-time scale of groundwater. As part of the china site investigations and research associated with the disposal of high-level radioactive waste, the paleogroundwater in deep boreholes have been employed in order to characterize groundwater flow in the fractured bedrock at Jijicao preselected site. By obtaining the deep groundwater samples from deep borehole, this study focused on krypton isotope data, the groundwater mixing and relationship were analyzed, and the paleogroundwater dating results were corrected. It found that the age of deep groundwater is 25ka and 46ka, the characteristics of slow groundwater circulation rate and long residence time are conductive to the safe disposal of high-level radioactive waste.
BACKGROUND: Flight accidents caused by spatial disorientation (SD) greatly affect flight safety. OBJECTIVE: Few studies have been devoted to the evaluation of SD. METHODS: 10 pilots and 10 non-pilots were recruited for the experimental induction of SD. Videos for giving optical flow stimuli were played at two different flow speeds to induce SD. Subjective judgment and center of foot pressure (CoP) data were collected from the tests. The data were combined to determine the occurrence of SD and analyze the SD types. RESULTS: The number of self-reported SD events was slightly smaller in the pilots than in the non-pilots. The average upper bound of the confidence interval for the standard deviation of CoP was 0.32 ± 0.09 cm and 0.38 ± 0.12 cm in the pilots and non-pilots, respectively. This indicator was significantly lower in the pilots than in the non-pilots (P= 0.03). The success rate of the experimental induction of unrecognized SD was 26.7% and 45.0% in the pilots and non-pilots, respectively. CONCLUSION: The method offered a new to analyze unrecognized SD. We could determine the occurrence unrecognized SD. This is an essential means of reducing flight accidents caused by unrecognized SD.
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