Additional file 2: Supplementary Figs. S1–6. Chloroplast genome structure of six Impatiens species (I. chlorosepala, I. fanjingshanica, I. guizhouensis, I. linearisepala, I. loulanensis, and I. stenosepala). Supplementary Figs. S7–12. Original pictures of six Impatiens species (I. chlorosepala, I. fanjingshanica, I. guizhouensis, I. linearisepala, I. loulanensis, and I. stenosepala).
This paper reviews the concept of aerobic exercise, the influence of aerobic exercise on cancer patients and the importance of aerobic exercise for nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients, which provides theoretical basis for clinical research on aerobic exercise for nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients.
Key words:
Nasopharyngeal neoplasms; Aerobic exercise; Neoplastic cells; Fatigue; Quality of Life
The H7N9 strain of bird flu is a new type of avian flu that was identified at the end of March 2013. The disease is concerning because most patients have become severely ill.To study the X-ray and computed tomography (CT) findings of early H7N9 avian influenza cases.Chest radiography and CT were performed in six patients with H7N9 avian influenza within 1-20 days after onset. The CT examinations included conventional spiral CT and high-resolution CT. The findings on the radiography and CT images were analyzed.Abnormal X-ray and CT findings were present in all of the patients. All of the cases had acute onset. In the early stage, the right lung was more commonly affected (particularly in the right upper and middle lobes). The lesions rapidly expanded to the entire lungs and were characterized primarily by ground-glass opacities (GGOs) combined with consolidation. Diffuse GGO was observed in all six cases (1 was symmetric, and 5 were non-symmetric). Local consolidation was found in four cases, and lobar consolidation was found in two cases. Normal lung tissue was observed between the lesions. Pleural thickening was common and was combined with pleural/pericardial effusion or mediastinal lymph node enlargement. Reticular changes, centrilobular nodules, and the tree-in-bud sign were observed in some cases, but reticular changes, bronchial wall thickening, and hyperinflation were not found.Radiological changes associated with both acute pneumonia and acute interstitial inflammation were observed in early H7N9 avian influenza cases. Serial chest X-rays were useful for the diagnosis and severity assessment of the disease. CT may provide a more accurate assessment of the lung pathology.
Children's exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) at home has numerous adverse health effects. This study evaluated the effects of a pediatric in-patient department-based pilot smoking cessation intervention for household members to reduce children's SHS exposure and encourage smoking cessation. A pre-post test design study was designed to assess the effectiveness of a telephone counseling intervention on household members of hospitalized children in pediatric departments. Data were collected with a standardized Chinese language questionnaire. At the three-month follow-up survey, the proportions of household members who reported adopting complete smoking restriction at home (55%), did not smoke at home at all (37%), did not allow others to smoke in the car (70%), or did not allow others to smoke around the child (57%) were significantly higher than the self-reported responses at the baseline survey. The proportions of household members who reported smoking at home (49%) and in the car (22%) were significantly lower than the baseline survey. Overall, 7% of the participants had reported quitting smoking after three months. Pediatric in-patient department-based telephone counseling for smoking cessation was found to be acceptable to Chinese parents. The intervention encouraged few parents to quit smoking, but encouraged more parents to take measures to reduce children's SHS exposure.
Objective: From the perspective of actual service suppliers regarding cancer screening, this study aimed to assess the long-term sustainability of cancer screening programs in China. Methods: Based on a Cancer Screening Program in Urban China (CanSPUC), our survey focused on all the hospitals, centers for disease control and prevention (CDC) and community service centers across 16 provinces in China which participated in the programs between 2013 and 2015. All the managers (institutional/department level) and professional staff involved in the program were interviewed using either paper-based questionnaire or online approach. Results: A total of 4 626 participants completed the interview. It showed that the main gains from providing screening service emphasized promotion in social value (63.6%), local reputation (35.9%), and professional skills (30.6%), whereas difficulties encountered included inadequate compensation (30.9%) and discordance among information systems (28.3%). When the service remuneration amounts to about 50 Chinese Yuan per screening item, those professional staff self-reported that they would like to work overtime. More than half (63.7%) of the staff expressed willingness to provide routine screening service, the main expectations were to promote their reputation to the local residents (48.7%) and to promote professional skills (43.1%). Those who were not willing to provide screening services were worried about the potential heavy workload (59.8%) or being interfered with their routine work (49.8%). Further detailed results regarding the different organization types and program roles were presented in the following detailed report. Conclusions: Findings of gains and difficulties showed that if cancer screening is expected to become a long-term running, incentive mechanism from the program, external promotion and advocacy as well as capacity building should be strengthened; furthermore, rewards to staff's screening services should be raised according to the local situations. Results regarding the "willingness to provide service" showed that management of the program should also be strengthened, including information system building and inter-agency and inter-department coordination at the government levels.目的： 基于癌症筛查实际供方角度，从工作人员主观感受及意愿层面评价癌症筛查项目的可持续性。 方法： 2014－2015年，基于城市癌症早诊早治项目，在16个省份项目点选取2013－2015年所有承担项目的医院、CDC和社区卫生服务中心，采用纸质问卷和网络调查开展访谈，对象包括宏观管理人员、具体项目管理人员和一线工作人员等。 结果： 最终完成访谈4 626份，访谈对象总体认为参加项目的最大收获在于社会价值感的提升（63.6%）、当地影响力（35.9%）及专业技能提升（30.6%）等；最大困难在于社会物质激励不够所致工作积极性低（30.9%）、信息采集口径不一致（28.3%）、部门间协调（24.4%）和机构间沟通衔接困难（23.5%）等。当单项筛查服务劳务补偿约50元时，工作人员会考虑加班工作。63.7%的受访者有长期筛查服务意愿，主要原因：可通过项目提升个人/团队在当地影响口碑（48.7%）、通过项目提升个人/团队专业技能（43.1%）等；无服务意愿者主要担心工作量超负荷（59.8%）、对日常工作的干扰（49.8%）等。 结论： 收获与困难相关结果提示，若要长期可持续性开展癌症筛查工作，建议加强项目内荣誉激励、对外宣传及专业能力建设，根据具体情况提高劳务补偿。服务意愿结果则提示，应从政府和领导层面加强信息化建设及机构/部门间协调，机构内应合理协调筛查项目与日常工作。.
Objectives . With an increase in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, the application of information and communication technology (ICT) is considered as a helpful solution. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of ICT in HIV prevention in the general population based on an information‐motivation‐behavioral skill (IMB) model. Methods . A national follow‐up study on the evaluation of ICT on HIV health education effects before and after large sample intervention was conducted in 16 provinces of China. ICT was used to carry out a six‐month educational program on the prevention of HIV for participants using the WeChat platform. The research group conducted a second questionnaire for participants to collect data and built the IMB model using Mplus 7.0 analysis software. Results . A total of 997 questionnaires were sent, and 957 effective questionnaires were recovered, a recovery rate of 96.0%. Before the ICT intervention, the scores of information was 15.68 ± 3.28, of motivation was 14.47 ± 4.26, of behavior skills was 2.26 ± 1.08, and of condom use was 2.19 ± 1.15. After the ICT intervention, the scores for information (18.54 ± 2.48), motivation (16.06 ± 4.11), behavior skills (4.74 ± 1.04), and condom use (2.64 ± 1.15) improved significantly. ICT use had a significant regression effect on motivation ( β = 0.237, P < 0.001), behavior skills ( β = 0.997, P < 0.001), and information ( β = 0.441, P < 0.001), while motivation ( β = 0.196, P < 0.001), behavior skills ( β = 0.207, P < 0.001), and information ( β = 0.092, P < 0.001) had a significant regression effect on condom use. Conclusions . The ICT intervention can not only improve information about HIV prevention, motivation, and behavior skills but also promote the use of condoms, so as to achieve the result of promoting behaviors that act to prevent AIDS within the general population.
AbstractBackground The occurrence rate of frailty is high among patients with chronic diseases. However, the assessment of frailty among these patients is still far from being a routine part of clinical practice. The aim of this study is to develop a validated predictive model for assessing frailty risk in patients with chronic illnesses. Methods This study utilized survey data from elderly chronic disease patients (aged ≥ 60 years) at a tertiary hospital in China between 2022 and 2023. A total of 57 indicators were analyzed, encompassing sociodemographic variables, health status, physical measurements, nutritional assessment, physical activity levels, and blood biomarkers. The research cohort was randomly divided into training and validation sets at a ratio of 70–30%. Employing LASSO regression analysis, the study selected the optimal predictive factors based on univariate analysis. Logistic regression models were applied to investigate factors associated with frailty in chronic disease patients. A nomogram was constructed to establish the predictive model. The predictive performance of the model was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis. Results This study recruited a total of 543 patients with chronic diseases, among which 237 were included in the development and validation of the predictive model. There were 100 cases (42.2%) presenting frailty symptoms. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that gender, age, chronic diseases, Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) score, and Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) score were predictive factors for frailty in chronic disease patients. Utilizing these factors, a nomogram model demonstrated good consistency and accuracy. The AUC values for the predictive model and validation set were 0.946 and 0.945, respectively. Calibration curves, ROC, and DCA indicated the nomogram had favorable predictive performance. Conclusions The comprehensive nomogram developed in this study is a promising and convenient tool for assessing frailty risk in patients with chronic diseases, aiding clinical practitioners in screening high-risk populations. Registration: ChICTR2300068076 (first recruitment date was 2022/07/06)
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