The Effect of a Pilot Pediatric In-Patient Department-Based Smoking Cessation Intervention on Parental Smoking and Children’s Secondhand Smoke (SHS) Exposure in Guangxi, China
Kaiyong HuangLi YangJonathan P. WinickoffJing LiaoGuangmin NongZhiyong ZhangLiang XiaLiang GangAbu S. Abdullah
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Children's exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) at home has numerous adverse health effects. This study evaluated the effects of a pediatric in-patient department-based pilot smoking cessation intervention for household members to reduce children's SHS exposure and encourage smoking cessation. A pre-post test design study was designed to assess the effectiveness of a telephone counseling intervention on household members of hospitalized children in pediatric departments. Data were collected with a standardized Chinese language questionnaire. At the three-month follow-up survey, the proportions of household members who reported adopting complete smoking restriction at home (55%), did not smoke at home at all (37%), did not allow others to smoke in the car (70%), or did not allow others to smoke around the child (57%) were significantly higher than the self-reported responses at the baseline survey. The proportions of household members who reported smoking at home (49%) and in the car (22%) were significantly lower than the baseline survey. Overall, 7% of the participants had reported quitting smoking after three months. Pediatric in-patient department-based telephone counseling for smoking cessation was found to be acceptable to Chinese parents. The intervention encouraged few parents to quit smoking, but encouraged more parents to take measures to reduce children's SHS exposure.Keywords:
Secondhand Smoke
Passive smoking
Telephone survey
Telephone interview
Self-reports of cigarette smoking in a sample of young adults, aged 17 to 21 (n = 359) obtained by telephone were validated by home interview and saliva cotinine measurement. While most subjects were in agreement for their reported behaviors, the telephone methodology underestimated cigarette smoking rates by 3 to 4 per cent. Reported quitting by telephone was an unstable category with 35 per cent of quitters reporting smoking on home interview. Reliance on telephone methods alone may underestimate smoking behavior. Validation of surveys, preferably by biochemical methods, is recommended.
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We sought to assess the smoking policies at state and county fairs in North Carolina.We contacted North Carolina fair managers by telephone to solicit participation in a survey that assessed the extent to which fairs have written policies about smoking and secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure, managers' beliefs concerning the health risks associated with SHS exposure, and specific reasons that might prompt managers to adopt smoke-free policies.Attempts were made to contact 47 fair managers, and 37 (66.0%) participated in the study. We found that although almost two-thirds of fairs prohibited smoking indoors, the vast majority (83.9%) had no limits on outdoor smoking. Most fair managers (84.6%) acknowledged that SHS may cause lung cancer, and a majority (51.6%) reported a belief that their patrons would largely be supportive of a more restrictive policy.Fair managers' responses were primarily based on their own opinions, estimates, and attitudes.Because of the high number and density of fair patrons, unrestricted outdoor smoking likely exposes most patrons to SHS. Action to eliminate all exposure to SHS at state and county fairs is needed.
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This study aimed to determine the association of particulate matters with endothelial function, measured by flow mediated dilation (FMD) of brachial artery, in children with or without exposure to secondhand smoke.This cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2011 in Isfahan, which is the second large and air-polluted city in Iran. The areas of the city with lowest and highest air pollution were determined, and in each area, 25 prepubescent boys with or without exposure to daily tobacco smoke in home were selected, i.e. 100 children were studied in total.FMD was significantly smaller in those living in high-polluted area and those exposed to secondhand smoke. Multiple linear regression analysis, adjusted for age and body mass index, showed that both passive smoking status and living area in terms of particulate air pollution were effective determinants of the brachial artery diameter. The standardized coefficient of passive smoking status was -0.36 (SD = 0.09, P < 0.0001) showing negative association with percent increase in FMD. Likewise, the percent increase in brachial artery diameter was lower in passive smoker children. Similar relationship was documented for PM(10) concentration with a regression coefficient of -0.32 (SD = 0.04, P < 0.0001). Without considering passive smoking variable, PM(10) concentration has significant independent effect on FMD level.Our findings provide evidence on the association of environmental factors on endothelial dysfunction from early life. Studying such associations among healthy children may help identify the underlying mechanisms. The clinical implications of environmental factors on early stages of atherosclerosis should be confirmed in longitudinal studies.
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ÖZETSigara ya da diğer tütün ürünlerinin yanması sonucu ortaya çıkan duman ile sigara içen kişinin soluğuyla yayılan dumanın bileşimi
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本稿の目的は，現代日本の地域政策において主要な課題の一つである喫煙問題に対して，受動喫煙に苦しむ当事者の視点から，身近な環境問題としての受動喫煙被害の実態を明らかにすることである．2007年から2008年にかけて，タバコ問題に取り組む市民団体等の紹介を経て，東京，名古屋，大阪の三大都市圏において受動喫煙被害の当事者に対する聞き取り調査を実施した．その結果，現代の日本では，さまざまな日常空間において受動喫煙の被害が生じており，それにより少なからず生活に支障をきたしていることが明らかになった．本稿の調査を通じて，日本の受動喫煙対策が不十分であることが導出されるとともに，早急な法的整備などによる社会環境の改善が望まれる．
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Editor–The report by Enstrom and Kabat confirms that exposure to secondhand smoke causes injury to the respiratory system with the finding of a combined increased mortality risk for men and women for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (relative risk 1.65, 95% confidence interval 1.0 to 2.73).1 This is consistent with other investigations that show the sensitivity of the respiratory system to secondhand smoke at all ages and in different settings. In …
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Inconsistencies in duration data at the seams between surveys make the problem of determining where one spell ends and the next begins impossible to resolve with certainty. In this paper I develop a statistical approach to partitioning data records with inconsistent duration data. The basis of this paper is a set of definitions as to what establishes consistent reporting at each seam. These definitions are derived from the questionnaire, and they enable me to quantify duration data inconsistencies as errors. The errors are then employed to generate probabilities over data record partitions. A duration model that uses these probabilities to control for seam problems is estimated for both the Current Population Survey and the Computer Aided Telephone Interview/Computer Aided Personal Interview Overlap Survey.
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In the second of a two-part series, we summarise the evidence on effective public health policies to protect against passive smoking. Part I looked at the health effects of passive smoking.
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