Abstract Limited data are available on the association of dietary calcium intake and ulcerative colitis (UC). We aimed to investigate the relation between dietary calcium intake and UC prevalence in Iranian adults. In this population-based case–control study, diagnosed patients with UC by gastroenterologists that were registered in the Iranian inflammatory bowel disease registry were included as cases. Age and sex-matched healthy controls were selected from Study on the Epidemiology of Psychological, Alimentary Health and Nutrition (SEPAHAN) dataset. Dietary calcium intakes of participants were examined through a validated food frequency questionnaire. We included 327 middle-aged participants (109 cases and 218 controls) in the analysis; 52.1% of them were females. After adjustments for potential confounders, individuals in the third tertile of dietary calcium intake had 92% lower odds of UC, compared to those in the first tertile (OR = 0.08, 95% CI 0.02–0.27). Our analysis based on recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) intake showed that dietary Ca intake deficiency was related to increased odds of UC (OR = 9.5, 95% CI 2.98–30.91). Stratified analysis by gender revealed that these associations were significant in both genders; although the results were stronger in the male population. A Significant decreasing trend was observed for odds of UC in tertiles of dietary calcium intakes, in both males and females. Higher dietary calcium intake was associated with lower UC prevalence in Iranian adults. Inadequate dietary calcium intake was also linked to elevated odds of UC. Further prospective investigations are needed to affirm these findings.
Abstract Background and objective: accumulating evidence based on scarce studies suggests that the relation between depression and functional constipation is possible. However, more studies in order to provide more reliable evidence are needed. About one-third of depressed people experience constipation and, it has a key role in reducing the perceived quality of life of the affected individuals. In the current study, therefore, we aimed to evaluate whether depression is associated with higher risk of functional constipation and whether it is gender specific. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among 3362 adults aged 18–55 years. In this study, functional gastrointestinal symptoms were determined using a Iranian reliable and valid version of the modified Rome III questionnaire. The Iranian validated version of Hospital Depression Scale (HADS) was used to evaluate psychological health. Scores of 8 or more on depression subscale in the questionnaire were considered to indicate the presence of depression. Self-administered questionnaires have been used to collect information regarding age, sex, marital status, education level, anthropometric measures, smoking, physical activity, antipsychotic medications use, dietary intakes. History of any predisposing chronic diseases including diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases was also asked. Simple and binary logistic regression were used for data analysis. Results: mean ± SD age of participants was 36.29 ± 7.87 years and 58.5% were female. The prevalence of depression and constipation in our study sample was 28.6% and 33.6%, respectively. In crude model, in total sample depressed people showed higher significant risk of constipation OR=1.97 (95%CI:1.66-2.33). Although, we observed a significant association between depression and constipation in both genders, however the association was stronger in men than women (OR: 2.64; 95%CI: 1.91, 3.64 vs. OR: 1.52; 95%CI: 1.24, 1.86).In the full adjusted model, in total sample depressed people showed higher significant risk of constipation Adjusted OR=1.69 (95%CI:1.37-2.09). Although, we observed a significant association between depression and constipation in both genders, however the association was stronger in men than women (AOR: 2.28; 95%CI: 1.50, 3.63 vs. AOR: 1.55; 95%CI: 1.21, 1.99). Conclusion: Our study showed depressed people are at higher significant risk affecting by constipation. Our study findings justify mental health evaluation in all patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders particularly among constipated individuals.
Objective: Although dietary patterns have been evaluated in relation to psychological disorders, their associations with psychosomatic complaints are unclear. We investigated relations of dietary patterns with psychosomatic complaints profiles.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 3363 adults were included. Dietary intakes and psychosomatic complaints were assessed using self-administered Persian validated questionnaires. Dietary patterns and psychosomatic symptom profiles were identified using exploratory factor analysis.Results: Three dietary patterns and four psychosomatic complaints profiles were identified. Individuals in the top tertile of traditional diet had lower odds for gastrointestinal somatic complaints (odds ratio (OR)= 0.68, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.50, 0.91). Individuals in the top tertile of healthy diet had lower odds for psychological (OR= 0.68, 95% CI: 0.51, 0.90), gastrointestinal (OR= 0.65, 95% CI: 0.49, 0.87), neuro-skeletal (OR= 0.66, 95% CI: 0.45, 0.96), and pharyngeal- respiratory somatic complaints (OR= 0.61, 95% CI: 0.47, 0.79). Individuals in the top tertile of Western diet had greater odds for psychological somatic complaints (OR= 1.50, 95% CI: 1.13, 2.00) than those in the first tertile.Discussion: The healthy dietary pattern is inversely related to the risk of psychosomatic complaints, whereas the Western diet might be associated with increased risk of psychosomatic complaints.
Background: Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) complain of many gastrointestinal (GI) problems. The goal of the current study was to compare the prevalence of GI disorders in a relatively large group of patients with ESRD with healthy participants. Methods: In a matched case-control study, 597 patients undergoing hemodialysis and 740 healthy participants were investigated. All subjects were asked to complete Rome III questionnaire, including five modules to evaluate GI disorders. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression questionnaire, as well as the 12-general health questionnaire for psychological disorders assessment, were used. Results: Our results showed that in patients undergoing hemodialysis, the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) (OR=1.75), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (OR=1.55), and dyspepsia (OR=3.39) was significantly higher than in healthy control participants, while no significant difference was found in terms of constipation (OR=0.88). The association remained significant for dyspepsia and IBS even after controlling for psychological disorders as important potential confounding variables. On the other hand, adjustment for psychological disorders led to an insignificant association between hemodialysis and GERD. Surprisingly a significant relationship was observed between constipation and hemodialysis after adjustment for mentioned psychological factors. Conclusion: Our results showed that there was a significant relationship between hemodialysis and some GI complaints such as IBS, dyspepsia, GERD, and bloating. Psychological disorders only influence GERD prevalence in patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Background: The description of demographic features and associated risk factors provides a perspective for the development of health and prevention policies for psychological screening or referrals. Thus, updated data on epidemiologic profile of depression and anxiety in the society are necessary. This study aims to describe the psychological profile of a general population in central Iran. Methods: This community-based, cross-sectional survey was performed as part of the SEPAHAN project (Study on the Epidemiology of Psychological‐Alimentary Health and Nutrition). The participants were working in 50 different centers across Isfahan Province, Iran. The data on 4628 adults who had completed demographic questionnaires and psychological questionnaires for depression and anxiety, coping styles, and stressful life events were included in the analysis. The data collection tools were the Demographic information questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Coping Strategies Scale (Cope), and Stressful Life Event (SLE) questionnaire. Results: The frequency and intensity of all considered stressors were found to be significantly associated with both depression and anxiety. Adaptive coping strategies were found to function as protective factors against both depression and anxiety. However, avoidance, as a maladaptive coping strategy, was found to be a risk factor. Conclusion: The present survey reveals that the prevalence of depression and anxiety was 28% and 14%, respectively. Scholastic education plays a protective role against both depression and anxiety. All coping strategies, except avoidance, function to protect against depression and anxiety.
Objectives . To investigate the prevalence of tooth loss and different prosthetic rehabilitations among Iranian adults, as well as the potential determinants of tooth loss. Methods . In a cross-sectional community-based study conducted among 8094 Iranian adults living in Isfahan province, a self-administered questionnaire was used to assess epidemiologic features of tooth loss. Results . Thirty-two percent of subjects had all their teeth, 58.6% had lost less than 6, and 7.2% of participants had lost more than 6 teeth. One hundred and sixty-nine individuals (2.2%) were edentulous. Among participants, 2.3% had single jaw removable partial denture, 3.6% had complete removable denture in both jaws, and 4.6% had fixed prosthesis. Others reported no prosthetic rehabilitation (89.5%). In the age subgroup analysis (≤35 and >35 years old) tooth loss was more prevalent among men than women (OR=2.8and 1.9, resp.,P<0.01). Also, in both age groups, current and former smokers had higher levels of tooth loss than nonsmokers (P<0.001andP<0.05, resp.). In addition, tooth loss was positively related to metabolic abnormality for age group >35 years (adjustedOR=1.29,P<0.01). Conclusions . Tooth loss is highly prevalent in Iranian adult population. Community programs promoting oral health for prevention of tooth loss should be considered taking into account its major determinants including lower educational level, male gender, smoking, and metabolic abnormality.
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