56Climate change and agricultural malpractices like excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides have aggravated the effects of abiotic stresses on crop productivity and degraded the ecosystem. On the other hand, eco-friendly techniques such as the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to increase crop productivity are urgently required. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are beneficial microbes that colonize the majority of agricultural plants. They are one of the most widespread symbiotic fungi that colonize the majority of agricultural plants. AMF has also been shown to boost plant performance under water shortages, in addition to improving plant nutrition. In addition, AMF inoculation is generally considered to provide host plants with tolerances to various stressful situations such as heat, salinity, drought, metals, and temperature conditions. On the other hand, AMF can colonize in more than 80% families of plants by forming filamentous hyphae. AMF can potentially improve the adaptation of plants to changing environment as a bio-fertilizer. This chapter provides comprehensive, up-to-date information on AMF and their impact on horticultural crops.
Abstract Purulia is a malaria-prone district in West Bengal, India, with approximately half of the blocks defined as malaria endemic. We analyzed the malaria case in each block of the Purulia district from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2020. As per the API, 20 blocks of Purulia were assigned to four different categories (0–3) and mapped using ArcGIS software. An exponential decay model was fitted to forecast the trend of malaria cases for each block of Purulia (2021–2025). There was a sharp decrease in total malaria cases and API from 2016 to 2020 due to the mass distribution of LLINs. The majority of cases (72.63%) were found in ≥ 15-year age group. Males were more prone to malaria (60.09%). Malaria was highly prevalent among Scheduled Tribes (48.44%). Six blocks were reported in Category 3 (high risk) and none in Category 0 (no risk) in 2016, while no blocks were determined to be in Category 3, and three blocks were in Category 0 in 2020. The exponential decay model prediction is oriented towards gaining malaria-free status in thirteen blocks of Purulia by 2025. This study will incite the government to uphold and strengthen the current efforts to meet the malaria elimination goals.
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Species belonging to the genus Pseudomonas is a rod shaped Gram-negative bacteria emerged as an important silkworm pathogen with broad-level multi-drug resistance. The extensive usage of antimicrobials in sericulture farming is gradually leading to the emergence of multi-drug resistance (MDR) strains, posing a significant threat to the well-being of both Bombyx mori L. and serifarmers. Pseudomonas spp. with MDR level may gets transmitted from the infected silkworm to human handlers either via direct contact or through contaminated feces. To understand the emerging concern of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Pseudomonas spp. provides insights into their genomic information. Here, we present the draft genome sequence data of Pseudomonas sp. strain RAC1 isolated from a flacherie infected nistari race of Bombyx mori L. from the silkworm rearing house of Raiganj University, India and sequenced using the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform. The estimated genome size of the strain was 4494347 bp with a G + C content of 63.5%. The de novo assembly of the genome generated 38 contigs with an N50 of 200 kb. Our data might help to reveal the genetic diversity, underlying mechanisms of AMR and virulence potential of Pseudomonas spp. This draft-genome shotgun project has been deposited under the NCBI GenBank accession number NZ_JAUTXS000000000.
Abstract Malaria prevalence has become medically important as well as a socioeconomic impediment for the endemic regions, including Purulia, West Bengal. Geo-environmental variables, humidity, altitude, and land use patterns are responsible for malaria. For surveillance of the endemic nature of Purulia’s blocks, statistical and spatiotemporal factors analysis have been done here. Also, a novel approach for the Pf malaria treatment using methanolic leaf extract of Morus alba S1 has significantly reduced the parasite load. The EC 50 value (1.852) of the methanolic extract of M. alba S1 with P. falciparum 3D7 strain is close to the EC 50 value (0.998) of the standard drug chloroquine with the same chloroquine-sensitive strain. Further studies with an in-silico model have shown successful interaction between DHFR and the leaf extract. Both 1-octadecyne and oxirane interacted favourably, which was depicted through GC-MS analysis. The predicted binary logistic regression model will help the policy makers for epidemiological surveillance in malaria-prone areas worldwide when substantial climate variables create a circumstance favourable for malaria. From the in vitro and in silico studies, it can be concluded that the methanolic extract of M. alba S1 leaves is promising and may play an influential role in the Pf malaria treatment in the near future.
Antimicrobial wound dressings offer enhanced efficacy compared to conventional dressing platforms by limiting bacterial infections, expediting the healing process, and creating a barrier against additional wound contamination.
Flowers are an essential part of the plant which are rich in a variety of secondary compounds like terpenoids, flavonoids, coumarins, sterols and xanthones. Floral therapy was an integral part of ancient Ayurveda in curing several diseases. Presently Nanotechnology is an evolving branch of science that serves a variety of applications. The techniques and protocols involved in the NPs synthesis are costly, hazardous, and demand high energy input. Plants and herbal-based compounds can provide natural, economical, and sustainable methods for the biogenesis of NPs. Flowers are rich in various phytochemicals that can serve as a vital precursor molecule of NPs biogenesis. The NPs obtained from floral precursor shows unique characteristics and can have various applications. They can be used for therapeutic purposes in treating breast cancer, gastric adenocarcinoma, and human colorectal adenocarcinoma. Metallic NPs synthesized from floral extract have shown extinguishing antioxidant and α-amylase activity and had a promising effect on diabetes. Flower-based metallic NPs shows antimicrobial and insecticidal properties.
Abstract Malaria prevalence has become medically important and a socioeconomic impediment for the endemic regions, including Purulia, West Bengal. Geo-environmental variables, humidity, altitude, and land use patterns are responsible for malaria. For surveillance of the endemic nature of Purulia’s blocks, statistical and spatiotemporal factors analysis have been done here. Also, a novel approach for the Pf malaria treatment using methanolic leaf extract of Morus alba S1 has significantly reduced the parasite load. The EC 50 value (1.852) of the methanolic extract of M. alba S1 with P. falciparum 3D7 strain is close to the EC 50 value (0.998) of the standard drug chloroquine with the same chloroquine-sensitive strain. Further studies with an in-silico model have shown successful interaction between DHFR and the phytochemicals. Both 1-octadecyne and oxirane interacted favourably, which was depicted through GC–MS analysis. The predicted binary logistic regression model will help the policy makers for epidemiological surveillance in malaria-prone areas worldwide when substantial climate variables create a circumstance favourable for malaria. From the in vitro and in silico studies, it can be concluded that the methanolic extract of M. alba S1 leaves were proven to have promising antiplasmodial activity. Thus, there is a scope for policy-driven approach for discovering and developing these lead compounds and undermining the rising resistance to the frontline anti-malarial drugs in the world.