Potential of Nanobiosensor in Sustainable Agriculture: The State-of-Art
Rittick MondalPaulami DamJoydeep ChakrabortyMathew L. ParetAhmet KatıSevde AltuntaşRanit SarkarSuvankar GhoraiAmit Kumar MandalAzamal Husen
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Agriculture dominates the planet. Yet it has many environmental costs that are unsustainable, especially as global food demand rises. Here, we evaluate ways in which different parts of the world are succeeding in their attempts to resolve conflict between agriculture and wild nature. We envision that coordinated global action in conserving land most sensitive to agricultural activities and policies that internalise the environmental costs of agriculture are needed to deliver a more sustainable future.
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Consumption
Food Waste
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The agriculture sector affects emissions and is also affected by emissions that lead to climate change. The relationship is complex due to the multiple agents involved. The transformation of agriculture into a climate resilient system is the need of the hour. A system such as this would meet the food requirements while supporting the rural workforce. Additionally it will help stabilise national economic growth with adequate input requirements for downstream industries such as food processing and textiles as stated in the National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture, 2010. The benefits of low carbon agricultural practices have a direct impact on the environment including reducing GHG emissions, saving water and improving soil conditions.
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Food Waste
Agricultural waste
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Intensive farming
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Consumption
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Agricultural production is closely related to global climate change.Agriculture is the second important greenhouse gas source.However,global climate change has influenced the development of agriculture.Facing the global warming,as the foundation of the national economy,agriculture should contribute in energy saving and emission reduction.By studying the necessity for the development of low carbon in agriculture,this paper puts forward the research field,possible approaches and development mechanism to respond low-carbon economy.The paper aims to provide scientific decision-making,promotes modern agriculture by transferring high carbon economy to a low-carbon economy,and realizes the sustainable development of agriculture.
Low-Carbon Economy
Carbon fibers
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Provides some background on concerns about the sustainability of agriculture, outlines and discusses views about what constitutes sustainable agriculture and contrasts the sustainability of modern industrialised agriculture with that of traditional agriculture. Then the question is considered (taking into account the available evidence) whether organic agriculture is more sustainable than non-organic agriculture. Barriers to switching from non-organic to organic agriculture are mentioned. The development of agriculture usually has a serious negative impact on wild biodiversity. Whether or not more intensive agriculture would reduce the negative ecological footprint is unclear but many scientists believe it will do this. Globally, there has been a rapid expansion in the area planted with GM crops. Reasons are given why yields and returns from these crops may not be sustained, and why they may result in genetic losses liable to jeopardise sustainable development. Nevertheless, agriculturalists may still have an incentive to adopt unsustainable agroecosystems for reasons outlined. While genetic losses may be a threat to the long-term sustainability of agriculture, increasing scarcity of natural resources used in agriculture, such as water, and climate change may be more immediate challenges to the sustainability of agricultural production.
Scarcity
Intensive farming
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The sustainability of society hinges on the future of agriculture. Though alternatives to unsustainable, high-input industrial agriculture are available, agricultural systems have been slow to transition to them. Much of the resistance to adopting alternative techniques stems from the perceived costs of alternative agriculture, mainly in terms of yields. The general assumption is that agriculture that is less harmful to people and wildlife directly will be indirectly more harmful because of yield losses that lead to food shortages in the short-term and agricultural extensification in the long-term. Though the yield gap between industrial and alternative forms of agriculture is often discussed, does industrial agriculture actually produce the highest yields? In addition, to what aspects of the food system is yield relevant? We review the evidence for differences in crop yields between industrial and alternative systems and then evaluate the contribution of yields in determining whether people are fed, the land in production, and practices farmers will adopt. In both organic and conservation agriculture, different combinations of crops, climate and diversification practices outperformed industrial agriculture, and thus we find little evidence that high input systems always outperform alternative forms of agriculture. Yield, however, is largely irrelevant to determining whether people are fed or the amount of land in production. A focus on increasing yields alone to feed the world or protect biodiversity will achieve neither goal. To promote sustainable agriculture, we must move past focusing on these oversimplified relationships to disentangling the complex social and ecological factors, and determine how to provide adequate nutrition for people while protecting biodiversity.
Green Revolution
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