Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a highly invasive head-neck cancer derived from the nasopharyngeal epithelium, mainly prevalent in southern China and Southeast Asia. Radiotherapy and adjuvant cisplatin (DDP) chemotherapy are standard administrations applied in the treatment of NPC. However, resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs has recently become more common, resulting in worse treatment outcome for NPC therapy. To elucidate the underlying molecular basis of drug resistance to DDP in NPC cells, we examined the morphocytology, cell motility and molecular changes in DDP-resistant NPC cells with respect to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) features. We found that EMT is closely associated with DDP-induced drug resistance in NPC cells, as DDP-resistant cells displayed morphological and molecular markers changes consistent with EMT. Wound healing and Transwell Boyden chamber assays revealed an enhanced migration and invasion potential in DDP-resistant NPC cells. Mechanistically, upregulation of NEDD4 was observed to relate to EMT in DDP-resistant cells. More importantly, depletion of NEDD4 in resistant cells led to a partial reversion of EMT phenotypes to MET characteristics. These data suggest that NEDD4 is largely involved in EMT features and chemoresistance of NPC cancer cells. NEDD4 could be a novel therapeutic target to overcome drug resistance in successful administrations of NPC.
【Objective】 To explore curative effect of three different types of pistons in stapedotomy. 【Methods】 Fifty six patients with otosclerosis accepted stapedotomy carried out by the author from June 2007 to December 2008. Among them,20 patients in group A (Teflon pistons with memory hook),19 patients in group B (Teflon pistons with platinum hook),and 17 patients in group C ( pistons with titanium hook and collumella). Before the surgery and three months after the surgery,the average air-bone gaps of 250,500,1000,2000,and 4000 Hz were recorded and analyzed in t-test respectively. 【Results】 There were no significant differences among the three groups in hearing improvement after the surgery. However,the three pistons had their respective different precautions and indications. 【Conclusion】 There was no significant difference in curative effect of three types of artificial stapedial prostheses. The three stapedial prostheses had their respective characters,so it was necessary to follow individual principles when choosing them.
Tinnitus is a prevalent hearing disorder, which could have a devastating impact on a patient's life. Functional studies have revealed connectivity pattern changes in the tinnitus brains that suggested a change of network dynamics as well as topological organization. However, no studies have yet provided evidence for the topological network changes in the gray matter. In this research, we aim to use the graph-theoretical approach to investigate the changes of topology in the tinnitus brain using structural MRI data, which could provide insights into the underlying anatomical basis for the neural mechanism in generating phantom sounds.We collected 3D MRI images on 46 bilateral tinnitus patients and 46 age and gender-matched healthy controls. Brain networks were constructed with correlation matrices of the cortical thickness and subcortical volumes of 80 cortical/subcortical regions of interests. Global network properties were analyzed using local and global efficiency, clustering coefficient, and small-world coefficient, and regional network properties were evaluated using the betweenness coefficient for hub connectivity, and interregional correlations for edge properties. Between-group differences in cortical thickness and subcortical volumes were assessed using independent sample t-tests, and local efficiency, global efficiency, clustering coefficient, sigma, and interregional correlation were compared using non-parametric permutation tests.Tinnitus was found to have increased global efficiency, local efficiency, and cluster coefficient, indicating generally heightened connectivity of the network. The small-world coefficient remained normal for tinnitus, indicating intact small-worldness. Betweenness centrality analysis showed that hubs in the amygdala and parahippocampus were only found for tinnitus but not controls. In contrast, hubs in the auditory cortex, insula, and thalamus were only found for controls but not tinnitus. Interregional correlation analysis further found in tinnitus enhanced connectivity between the auditory cortex and prefrontal lobe, and decreased connectivity of the insula with anterior cingulate gyrus and parahippocampus.These findings provided the first morphological evidence of altered topological organization of the brain networks in tinnitus. These alterations suggest that heightened efficiency of the brain network and altered auditory-limbic connection for tinnitus, which could be developed in compensation for the auditory deafferentation, leading to overcompensation and, ultimately, an emotional and cognitive burden.
To study central functional network connections and their alterations in tinnitus patients using fMRI. Regional homogeneity (ReHo) values on fMRI were obtained from 18 tinnitus patients and 20 age and gender-matched control subjects. ReHo values were compared between tinnitus patients and control subjects to evaluate functional network connection differences. Tinnitus patients showed increased ReHo values in gyrus frontalis inferior and decreased ReHo values in the anterior lobe of cerebellum in comparison with the controls. Analysis of functional network connection from the gyrus frontalis interior shows stronger connections to the middle brain (FWE, P < 0.001) and right ventral striatum (FEW, P < 0.05, small volume correction). The fMRI results indicate that both auditory and non-auditory centers play important roles in tinnitus. Functional connections among the auditory cortex, thalamus, medial temporal gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus and insula may be an underlying cause for the development of tinnitus.
Orbital inflammatory pseudotumor (OIP) is a kind of orbital idiopathic benign space-occupying lesion with no clear etiology and mainly characterized by inflammatory response. The clinical diagnosis of OIP should be based on exclusion of other diseases or surgical biopsy. Medication and surgical excision are both diagnostic and therapeutic methods. The choice of which is a problem that baffles clinicians. This article discusses a new strategy basing on the imaging features and classifications of OIP. It is expected to be further discussed and promoted in clinical practice to improve the diagnosis and treatment of OIP.眼眶炎性假瘤（OIP）是一种无明确病因、以炎性反应为主要特征的眼眶特发性良性占位性病变。临床采用排他性诊断，也可通过手术行活体组织检查，以组织病理学检查结果明确诊断。临床药物治疗和手术切除既是诊断手段又是治疗方法，如何选择诊疗方法是困扰临床医师的难题。本文按影像学特征对OIP进行分类，并以此提出OIP诊疗新策略，以期进一步提高OIP的临床诊疗水平。.
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