Objective: To study the bioactive cyclic bisdesmosides from tubers of Bolbostemma paniculatum.Methods: Compounds were isolated by Pyricularia oryzae bioassay-guided fractionation method in combination with extraction and partition as well as multi-chromatography.Their structures were determined on the basis of spectral analysis and chemical evidence.Results: Four cyclic bisdesmosides were isolated as active compounds causing morphological abnormality of P.oryzae mycelia and elucidated as tubeimoside Ⅰ(1),tubeimoside Ⅱ(2),tubeimoside Ⅲ(3) and tubeimoside Ⅴ(4),respectively.Conclusion: Compound(4) is a new one and is the fourth cyclic bisdesmoside obtained from natural source and exhibited significant cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines K-562 and BEL-7402,as well as hemolytic activity to 1% suspension of rabbit erythrocytes.
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of complex neurodevelopmental disorders with unclear etiologies. Our recent work indicated that maternal exposure to triclosan (TCS) significantly increased the autistic-like behavior in rats, possibly through disrupting neuronal retinoic acid signaling. Although environmental endocrine disruptors (EEDs) have been associated with autism in humans, the relationship between TCS, one of the EEDs found in antibacterial daily necessities, and autism has received little attention. The aims of this multicenter study were to evaluate TCS concentrations in typically developing (TD) children and ASD children, and to determine the relationship between TCS levels and the core symptoms of ASD children. A total of 1345 children with ASD and 1183 TD children were enrolled from 13 cities in China. Ages ranged between 2 and 7 years. A questionnaire was used to investigate the maternal use of antibacterial daily necessities (UADN) during pregnancy. The core symptoms of ASD were evaluated using the Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC), Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), Social Response Scale (SRS), and the Children Neuropsychological and Behavior Scale-Revision 2016 (CNBS-R2016). The TCS concentration was measured using LC-MS/MS. Maternal UADN during pregnancy may be an unrecognized potential environmental risk factor for ASD (OR=1.267, P = 0.023). Maternal UADN during pregnancy strongly correlated with TCS levels in the offspring (Adjusted β = 0.277, P < 0.001). TCS concentration was higher in ASD children (P = 0.005), and positively correlated with ABC (Sensory subscales: P = 0.03; Social self-help subscales: P = 0.011) and SRS scale scores (Social awareness subscales: P = 0.045; Social communication subscales: P = 0.001; Autism behavior mannerisms subscales: P = 0.006; SRS total score: P = 0.003) in ASD children. This association was more pronounced in boys than in girls. To our knowledge, this is the first case-control study to examine the correlation between TCS and ASD. Our results suggest that maternal UADN during pregnancy may be a potential risk of ASD in offspring. Further detection of TCS levels showed that maternal UADN during pregnancy may be associated with excessive TCS exposure. In addition, the level of TCS in children with ASD is higher than TD children. The higher levels of TCS in children with ASD may be significantly associated with more pronounced core symptoms, and this association was more significant in male children with ASD.
Objective To elucidate and examine the efficacy of macrolide on chronic nasosinusitis.Methods A total of 30 patients with chronic nasosinusitis were treated with low dosage of Clarithromycin combined with local treatment on chronic nasosinusitis.The usage of Clarithromycin was 0.25 g once a day for 12 weeks.The VAS(visual analogue scale) was used for evaluating the severity of disease as well as the improvement after treatment.Results VAS was(8±1.5) before treatment,and(3±1.16) after 3 months of oral therapy and the difference was statistically significant.Conclusion Long-term application of low dosage oral macrolide Clarithromycin combined with local treatment on chronic nasosinusitis shows efficacy on chronic nasosinusitis,but the immunomodulatory mechanism is still unknown and needs further study.
OBJECTIVE To observe the psychological effects of montelukast in the adult patients suffering from mild to moderate asthma. METHODS The 44 cases of adult asthma patients were divided into two groups randomly, the experimental group was treated with oral montelukast 10 mg before the sleep at every night. The control group was treated with oral keto tifen 1 mg at every morning and night. Before and after experiment, the changes of asthma symptom scores in daytime and night time,the times of nighttime awakening and the uses of inhaled β_2-agonist were observed, the psychological status was surveyed with the hospital anxiety and depression score. RESULTS Montelukast significantly improved the clinical symptom and de- creased the anxiety and depression scores. CONCLUSION Montelukast can effeetively improve asthma symptom,lessen the adverse psychological response.
River systems are open and self-organizing complex systems.Complex networks theory can well combine rivers' macro properties with their microscopic properties.This paper builds a river network model based on complex networks theory and describes its characteristics.After the analysis of the model used in Haihe River Basin, it shows that Haihe River Basin network has the small-world characteristics.This work provides a new approach to research the properties of river networks, so that to predict and control its behavior.
Delayed wound healing in diabetic patients is a serious diabetic complication, resulting in major health problems as well as high mortality and disability. The detailed mechanism still needs to be fully understood. In this study, we aim to investigate potential mechanisms and explore an efficient strategy for clinical treatment of diabetic wound healing. Human umbilical endothelial cells were exposed to hyperglycemia for 4 days, then switched to normoglycemia for an additional 4 days. The cells were harvested for the analysis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, gene expression and VEGF signaling pathway. Furthermore, the diabetic wound model was established in rats for the evaluation of wound healing rates under the treatment of either ERβ agonist/antagonist or SOD mimetic MnTBAP. Our results show that transient hyperglycemia exposure results in persistent ROS overgeneration after the switch to normoglycemia, along with suppressed expression of ERβ, SOD2 and the VEGF signaling pathway. Either ERβ expression or activation diminishes ROS generation. In vivo experiments with diabetic rats show that ERβ activation or SOD mimetic MnTBAP diminishes ROS generation in tissues and accelerates diabetic wound healing. Transient hyperglycemia exposure induces ROS generation and suppresses ERβ expression, subsequently resulting in SOD2 suppression with additional elevated ROS generation. This forms a positive-feed forward loop for ROS generation with persistent oxidative stress. ERβ expression or activation breaks this loop and ameliorates this effect, thereby accelerating diabetic wound healing. We conclude that ERβ accelerates diabetic wound healing by ameliorating hyperglycemia-induced persistent oxidative stress. This provides a new strategy for clinical treatment of diabetic wound healing based on ERβ activation.
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are associated with the contribution of many prenatal risk factors; in particular, the sex hormone progestin and vitamin D receptor (VDR) are associated with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in ASD development, although the related mechanism remains unclear. We investigated the possible role and mechanism of progestin 17‐hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17‐OHPC) exposure‐induced GI dysfunction and autism‐like behaviours (ALB) in mouse offspring. An intestine‐specific VDR‐deficient mouse model was established for prenatal treatment, while transplantation of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCT) with related gene manipulation was used for postnatal treatment for 17‐OHPC exposure‐induced GI dysfunction and ALB in mouse offspring. The in vivo mouse experiments found that VDR deficiency mimics prenatal 17‐OHPC exposure‐mediated GI dysfunction, but has no effect on 17‐OHPC‐mediated autism‐like behaviours (ALB) in mouse offspring. Furthermore, prenatal 17‐OHPC exposure induces CLDN1 suppression in intestine epithelial cells, and transplantation of HSCT with CLDN1 expression ameliorates prenatal 17‐OHPC exposure‐mediated GI dysfunction, but has no effect on 17‐OHPC‐mediated ALB in offspring. In conclusion, prenatal 17‐OHPC exposure triggers GI dysfunction in autism‐like mouse offspring via CLDN1 suppression, providing a possible explanation for the involvement of CLDN1 and VDR in prenatal 17‐OHPC exposure‐mediated GI dysfunction with ASD.
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